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Bladder Cancer Treatment

Treatment

Treatment for bladder cancer depends on the stage of the disease, the type of cancer , and the patient's age and overall health.Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy are available options. Treatments can be combined in some circumstances (such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, or preoperative radiation).
Surgery
The type of surgery is determined by the disease's stage. Transurethral resection, which involves inserting equipment into the urethra, can be used to remove the tumor in early bladder cancer.
Bladder cancer that has spread to surrounding tissue (e.g., Stage T2 tumors, Stage T3a tumors) usually requires partial or A urostomy—an incision made in the abdomen for the evacuation of urine—may be necessary after a radical cystectomy, which also entails the removal of adjacent lymph nodes. Urinary stones, infections, and urine obstacles are examples of complications. Newer surgical methods may eliminate the need for an external urinary appliance.

bladder cancer

A cystoprostatectomy (removal of the bladder and prostate) combined with a pelvic lymphadenectomy (removal of the lymph nodes inside the hip cavity) is the common surgical technique for males. It is also possible to remove the seminal vesicles (semen-conducting tubes). This can sometimes be done in a way that keeps sexual function intact.
In women with T2 to T3a tumors, the standard surgical procedure is radical cystectomy (removal of the bladder and surrounding organs) with pelvic lymphadenectomy. In addition to the urethra, the uterus (womb), ovaries, fallopian tubes, anterior vaginal wall, and fallopian tubes are also removed during a radical cystectomy in women. from the bladder out of the body). Recent studies have shown some support for modifying this approach to help conserve sexual function.
Segmental cystectomy (partial removal of the bladder), which is a bladder-preserving procedure, may be used in some cases (e.g., patients with squamous cell carcinomas or adenocarcinomas that arise high in t the bladder dome). When segmental cystectomy is performed, it may be preceded by radiation therapy in high-risk patients.

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