Introduction

People with dementia may not always recognize their condition, and it's often caring friends or family members who seek medical advice. If you notice any of the following signs, consider consulting a healthcare professional:

1. Significant short-term memory loss.
2. Changes in behavior or personality.
3. Inappropriate or uncharacteristic actions.
4. Persistent feelings of depression.
5. Noticeable mood swings.
6. Difficulty performing daily tasks like bathing, dressing, eating, using the toilet, or handling household chores.
7. Neglect of personal hygiene.
8. Ongoing difficulty finding words.
9. Frequent lapses in judgment.
10. Regular confusion or disorientation, especially in familiar settings.
11. Inability to manage personal finances.

Self-Care at Home

• Many individuals in the early and intermediate stages of dementia can live independently.
• With periodic check-ins from family or friends, they can manage without constant supervision.
• Those struggling with daily tasks may require part-time assistance from a family caregiver or a home health aide.
• Visiting nurses can help ensure they take their medications as prescribed.
• Housekeeping services are available for those unable to keep up with household chores.
• Some individuals need closer supervision and more consistent support.
• Round-the-clock home care is an option but can be costly for many families.
• Individuals requiring this level of assistance might need to move in with a family caregiver or consider an assisted-living facility.
• Many families favor these choices to maintain the individual's independence and quality of life.
• For those who can continue living at home or maintain some level of independence, creating a familiar and safe environment is crucial.
• The individual should feel comfortable and secure to continue living independently.
• Minor home modifications may be necessary, with the top priority being fall and accident prevention. Simple measures like removing area rugs, installing grab bars in the shower, and using bath mats are essential for safety. In some cases, disabling the stove or using child-proof knobs may be required to prevent cooking accidents.
• The balance between safety and independence should be regularly evaluated, and adjustments made as needed to ensure the individual's well-being.
• People with dementia should remain physically, mentally, and socially active.
• Daily exercise is beneficial for both body and mind, maintaining a healthy weight. A daily walk can suffice.
• Engaging in mental activities is believed to slow the progression of some dementia types. Puzzles, games, reading, and safe hobbies and crafts are excellent choices.
• Social interaction is stimulating and enjoyable for most individuals with dementia. Senior centers or community facilities often offer suitable activities like parties and clubs.
• A balanced diet featuring low-fat protein sources, ample fruits, and vegetables helps maintain a healthy weight, prevent malnutrition, and alleviate constipation. Smoking should be avoided for health and safety reasons.