Prevention

The key to preventing invasive cervical cancer is early detection of any cell changes before they become cancerous. Regular pelvic examinations and Pap smears are essential for this. The frequency of pelvic exams and Pap smears depends on your individual situation.

You should have your first Pap smear when you become sexually active, regardless of your age.

If you are not sexually active, your first Pap smear should be done at age 18 or earlier.

In both cases, a Pap smear is recommended every year for at least 3 years.

If these Pap smears show no abnormal cells and you have few risk factors for cervical cancer, the US Guide to Clinical Preventive Services suggests a repeat Pap smear at least every 3 years.

Many healthcare professionals recommend annual Pap smears for women through age 65 and older, regardless of past negative tests, as risk factors may change with lifestyle.

If you have had precancerous changes or cancer of the cervix, your gynecologist will advise a schedule of follow-up examinations and tests.

Preventing human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is crucial in avoiding precancerous and cancerous changes in the cervix.

Early onset of sexual activity is linked to higher risk; abstinence is recommended to prevent HPV transmission.

Barrier protection, such as condom use, may prevent HPV infection, although research on this is ongoing.

A vaccine to protect against cervical cancer might be available in the next five years. Early trials have shown effectiveness against the HPV strain responsible for half of all cervical cancer cases. The vaccine is not effective for women already infected with HPV.

Cigarette smoking is another preventable risk factor for cervical cancer. Quitting smoking may reduce your chances of developing cervical cancer.