Name
HYPOCALCEMIA
DESCRIPTION
DETAIL
CAUSES : 1. PARATHYROID HORMONE ABSENT - HEREDITARY HYPOPARATHYROIDISM * IDIOPATHIC * DIGEORGE SYNDROME * VELOCARDIOFACIAL SYNDROME * POLYGLANDULAR AUTOIMMUNE TYPE I DEFICIENCY * AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT HYPOCALCEMIA * KEARNS-SAYRE SYNDROME * MELAS SYNDROME - ACQUIRED HYPOPARATHYROIDISM * POSTOPERATIVE * RADIATION INDUCED * DAMAGE IN PT WITH HEMOCHROMATOSIS & HEMOSIDEROSIS AFTER REPEATED BLOOD TRANSFUSION * TRANSIENT HYPOTHYROIDISM AFTER SURGERY FOR PARATHYROID GLAND 2. PARATHYROID HORMONE INEFFECTIVE - CHR RENAL FAILURE CAUSING * LACK OF ACTIVE VIT D * ELEVATED SEERUM PHOSPHATE FROM DECREASED PHOSPHATE CLEARANCE - DECREASED DIETARY INTAKE OR SUNLIGHT - DEFECTIVE METABOLISM LIKE IN * ANTICONVULSANT THERAPY * VIT D DEPENDANT RICKETS TYPE I 3. PARATHYROID HORMONE OVERWHELMED - SEVERE ACUTE HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA DUE TO TUMOR LYSIS,RHABDOMYOLYSIS HEMOLYSIS, PHOSPHATE CONTAING ENEMAS, LAXATIVES & PHOSPHATE BURNS - AC RENAL FAILURE 4. OTHERS - PANCREATITIS - TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME & OTHER CRITICAL ILLNESSES - LEADING TO DECREASED PTH PRODUCTION OR PTH RESISTANCE - HUNGRY BONE SYNDROME - RECOVERY FROM HYPERPARATHYROIDISM & HYPERTHYROIDISMOTHER TESTS : * HYPOMAGNESEMIA - IS ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH DEFICIENT PTH RELEASE & IMPAIRED RESPONSIVENESS TO PTH. CORRECTING HYPOMAGNESEMIA CORRECTS HYPOCALCEMIA & PLASMA PTH ALSO. * HYPOPARATHYROIDISM : SERUM CALCIUM - LOW, PHOSPHATE - HIGH, PTH - LOW, 25 VITAMIN D - NORMAL, 1-25 VITAMIN D - LOW * PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM : SERUM CALCIUM - LOW, PHOSPHATE - HIGH, PTH - HIGH, 25 VITAMIN D - NORMAL, 1-25 VITAMIN D - LOW OR NORMAL * LIVER DISEASE : SERUM CALCIUM - LOW, PHOSPHATE - LOW, PTH - HIGH, 25 VITAMIN D - LOW, 1-25 VITAMIN D - LOW OR NORMAL * RENAL DISEASE : SERUM CALCIUM - LOW, PHOSPHATE - HIGH, PTH - HIGH, 25 VITAMIN D - NORMAL, 1-25 VITAMIN D - LOW OR NORMAL
TYPENOTES
RELATED DISEASE
Not Available Disease
DISEASE
INVESTIGATION
BLOOD UREA, SERUM CREATININE, SERUM PROTEIN TOTAL, SERUM ALBUMIN, SERUM CALCIUM, SERUM MAGNESIUM, BUN, COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT, PARATHYROID HORMONE ASSAY, SERUM PHOSPHORUS