CAUSES OF CARDIOMYOPATHY :
1. PRIMARY OR IDIOPATHIC
A. HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
B. DILATED
- SPORADIC
- GENETIC ( FAMILIAL )
- MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE
C. NONDILATED NONHYPERTROPHIC
- ENDOMYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS
- LOFFLER ENDOCARDITIS OR
EOSINOPHILIC ENDOMYOCARDIAL DISEASE
2. SPECIFIC CARDIOMYOPATHIES
A. SECONDARY TO OTHER CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
* ISCHAEMIC
* VALVULAR DISEASE
* HYPERTENSIVE
* TACHYCARDIA INDUCED
B. METABOLIC LIKE DIABETES, UREMIA
C. ENDOCRINE DISEASES LIKE:
HYPERTHYROIDISM, HYPOTHYROIDISM,
ACROMEGALY, MYXEDEMA, HYPOPARATHYROIDISM, HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
D. ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE :
POTASSIUM, PHOSPHATE, MAGNESIUM & OTHERS
E. NUTRITIONAL LIKE
BERIBERI, PROTEIN DEFICIENCY, STARVATION, CARNITINE DEFICIENCY
F. PERIPARTUM CARDIOMYOPATHY
G. INFECTIOUS LIKE VIRAL, RICKETTSIAL, BACTERIAL, METAZOAL, PROTOZOAL, WHIPPLW DISEASE, LYME DISEASE
H. TOXIC LIKE
* DRUG INDUCED - DOXOBUBICIN, CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE, 5-FLUOROURACIL, COCAINE ABUSE, ANTHRACYCLINES & TRASTUZUMAB
* POISONS
* FOODS
* ANAESTHETIC GASES
* HEAVY METALS
* ALCOHOL
I. COLLAGEN VASCULAR DISEASE
* SLE
* RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
* PROGRESSIVE SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS
* POLYMYOSITIS
* HLA-B12-ASSOCIATED CARDIC DISEASE
J. INFILTRATIVE
* HEMOCHROMATOSIS
* AMYLOIDOSIS
* GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE
K. GRANULOMATOUS
* SARCOIDOSIS
L. PHYSICAL AGENTS LIKE
* EXTREEM TEMP
* IONIZING RADIATION
* ELECTRIC SHOCK
* NONPENETRATING THORACIC INJURY
M. NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS
- MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
- FRIEDREICH DISEASE
- MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY
N. PRIMARY CARDIAC TUMORS - MYXOMA
O. SENILE
P. IMMUNOLOGICAL
- POSTVACCINATION
- SERUM SICKNESS
- TRANSPLANT REJECTION
Q. VIRAL INFECTION LIKE
- COXSACKIEVIRUS A & B
- INFLUENZA A & B
- ADENOVIRUS
- ECHOVIRUS
- RABIES
- HEPATITIS
- YELLOW FEVER
- SMMALL POX
- LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS
- EPIDEMIC HEMORRHAGIC FEVER
- CHIKUNGUNYA FEVER
- DENGUE FEVER
- CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
- EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS
- RUBELLA
- RUBEOLA
- MUMPS
- RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS
- VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS
- HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
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VARIETIES OF CARDIOMYOPATHIES :
* DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY - DUE TO VIRAL MYOCARDITIS, ISCHAEMIA, FAMILIAL, ALCOHOLIC, PREGNANCY, SELENIUM DEFICIENCY, HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA, HYPOCALCEMIA, THYROID DISEASE, COCAINE USE, CHR UNCONTROLLED TACHYCARDIA, RT. VENTRICULAR DYSPLASIA.
* RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY :
DUE TO MYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS, HYPERTROPHY OR INFILTRATION LIKE AMYLOID, GLYCOGEN DIPOSITION & IN HEMACHROMATOSIS, ENDOMYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS, FABRYS DISEASE, EOSINOPHELIA, SCLERODERMA, MEDIASTINAL RADIATION, NEOPLASTIC INFILTRATION, SARCOIDOSIS
* HYPERTROPHIC - IDIOPATHIC HYPERTROPHIC SUBAORTIC STENOSIS OR HYPERTROPHIC OBSTRUCTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY
* ECG - NON SPECIFIC ST-T CHANGES & ARRHYTHMIAS
* ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
* CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION & CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY TO EXCLUDE ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE.
* TRANSVENOUS ENDOMYOCARDIAL BIOPSY
* RADIONUCLIDE STUDIES
* CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
* STRESS TESTING WITH THALLIUM & SESTAMIBI IMAGING, CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY & MUGA TO EXCLUDE ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE.