INDICATIONS
SYNRIBO IS INDICATED FOR THE TREATMENT OF ADULT PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OR ACCELERATED PHASE CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) WITH RESISTANCE AND/OR INTOLERANCE TO TWO OR MORE TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS (TKI).
HOW SUPPLIED
DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
SYNRIBO FOR INJECTION CONTAINS 3.5 MG OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE; AS A STERILE, PRESERVATIVE-FREE, WHITE TO OFF-WHITE LYOPHILIZED POWDER IN A SINGLE-USE VIAL.
SYNRIBO (OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE) FOR INJECTION IS SUPPLIED IN 8 ML CLEAR GLASS SINGLE-USE VIAL IN INDIVIDUAL CARTONS. EACH VIAL CONTAINS 3.5 MG OF SYNRIBO (OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE) FOR INJECTION (NDC 63459-177-14).
STORAGE AND HANDLING
STORE AT 20°C TO 25°C (68°F TO 77°F); EXCURSIONS PERMITTED FROM 15°C TO 30°C (59°F TO 86°F). UNTIL USE, KEEP PRODUCT IN CARTON TO PROTECT FROM LIGHT. OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE IS AN ANTINEOPLASTIC PRODUCT. FOLLOW SPECIAL HANDLING AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES1.
REFERENCES
1. OSHA HAZARDOUS DRUGS. OSHA. HTTP://WWW.OSHA.GOV/SLTC/HAZARDOUSDRUGS/INDEX.HTML.
DISTRIBUTED BY: TEVA PHARMACEUTICALS USA, INC. NORTH WALES, PA 19454. REVISED: FEBRUARY 2014.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
INDUCTION SCHEDULE
THE RECOMMENDED STARTING SCHEDULE FOR INDUCTION IS 1.25 MG/M²ADMINISTERED SUBCUTANEOUSLY TWICE DAILY FOR 14 CONSECUTIVE DAYS EVERY 28 DAYS, OVER A 28-DAY CYCLE. CYCLES SHOULD BE REPEATED EVERY 28 DAYS UNTIL PATIENTS ACHIEVE A HEMATOLOGIC RESPONSE.
MAINTENANCE DOSING
THE RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE IS 1.25 MG/M²ADMINISTERED SUBCUTANEOUSLY TWICE DAILY FOR 7 CONSECUTIVE DAYS EVERY 28 DAYS, OVER A 28-DAY CYCLE. TREATMENT SHOULD CONTINUE AS LONG AS PATIENTS ARE CLINICALLY BENEFITING FROM THERAPY.
DOSE ADJUSTMENTS AND MODIFICATIONS
HEMATOLOGIC TOXICITY
SYNRIBO TREATMENT CYCLES MAY BE DELAYED AND/OR THE NUMBER OF DAYS OF DOSING DURING THE CYCLE REDUCED FOR HEMATOLOGIC TOXICITIES (E.G. NEUTROPENIA, THROMBOCYTOPENIA). [SEE WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
COMPLETE BLOOD COUNTS (CBCS) SHOULD BE PERFORMED WEEKLY DURING INDUCTION AND INITIAL MAINTENANCE CYCLES. AFTER INITIAL MAINTENANCE CYCLES, MONITOR CBCS EVERY TWO WEEKS OR AS CLINICALLY INDICATED. IF A PATIENT EXPERIENCES GRADE 4 NEUTROPENIA (ABSOLUTE NEUTROPHIL COUNT (ANC) LESS THAN 0.5 X 109/L) OR GRADE 3 THROMBOCYTOPENIA (PLATELET COUNTS LESS THAN 50 X 109/L) DURING A CYCLE, DELAY STARTING THE NEXT CYCLE UNTIL ANC IS GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 1.0 X 109/L AND PLATELET COUNT IS GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 50 X 109/L. ALSO, FOR THE NEXT CYCLE, REDUCE THE NUMBER OF DOSING DAYS BY 2 DAYS (E.G. TO 12 OR 5 DAYS).
NON-HEMATOLOGIC TOXICITY
MANAGE OTHER CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT NON-HEMATOLOGIC TOXICITY SYMPTOMATICALLY. INTERRUPT AND/OR DELAY SYNRIBO UNTIL TOXICITY IS RESOLVED.
PREPARATION AND ADMINISTRATION PRECAUTIONS
SYNRIBO SHOULD BE PREPARED IN A HEALTHCARE FACILITY AND ADMINISTERED BY A HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONAL. OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE IS AN ANTINEOPLASTIC PRODUCT. FOLLOW SPECIAL HANDLING AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES.
RECONSTITUTE SYNRIBO WITH ONE ML OF 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP, PRIOR TO SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION. AFTER ADDITION OF THE DILUENT, GENTLY SWIRL UNTIL A CLEAR SOLUTION IS OBTAINED. THE LYOPHILIZED POWDER SHOULD BE COMPLETELY DISSOLVED IN LESS THAN ONE MINUTE. THE RESULTING SOLUTION WILL CONTAIN 3.5 MG/ML SYNRIBO.
PARENTERAL DRUG PRODUCTS SHOULD BE INSPECTED VISUALLY FOR PARTICULATE MATTER AND DISCOLORATION PRIOR TO ADMINISTRATION WHENEVER SOLUTION AND CONTAINER PERMIT.
AVOID CONTACT WITH THE SKIN. IF SYNRIBO COMES INTO CONTACT WITH SKIN, IMMEDIATELY AND THOROUGHLY WASH AFFECTED AREA WITH SOAP AND WATER.
USE SYNRIBO WITHIN 12 HOURS OF RECONSTITUTION WHEN STORED AT ROOM TEMPERATURE AND WITHIN 24 HOURS OF RECONSTITUTION IF STORED AT 2°C TO 8°C (36°F TO 46°F). PROTECT RECONSTITUTED SOLUTION FROM LIGHT. AFTER ADMINISTRATION, ANY UNUSED SOLUTION SHOULD BE DISCARDED PROPERLY1.
SIDE EFFECTS
THE FOLLOWING SERIOUS ADVERSE REACTIONS HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH SYNRIBO IN CLINICAL TRIALS AND ARE DISCUSSED IN GREATER DETAIL IN OTHER SECTIONS OF THE LABEL.
" MYELOSUPPRESSION [SEE WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
" BLEEDING [SEE WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
" HYPERGLYCEMIA [SEE WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
BECAUSE CLINICAL TRIALS ARE CONDUCTED UNDER WIDELY VARYING CONDITIONS, ADVERSE REACTION RATES OBSERVED IN THE CLINICAL TRIALS OF A DRUG CANNOT BE DIRECTLY COMPARED TO RATES IN THE CLINICAL TRIALS OF ANOTHER DRUG AND MAY NOT REFLECT THE RATES OBSERVED IN PRACTICE. THE SAFETY DATA FOR SYNRIBO ARE FROM 3 CLINICAL TRIALS WHICH ENROLLED A TOTAL OF 163 ADULT PATIENTS WITH TKI RESISTANT AND/OR INTOLERANT CHRONIC PHASE (N=108) AND ACCELERATED PHASE (N=55) CML. ALL PATIENTS WERE TREATED WITH INITIAL INDUCTION THERAPY CONSISTING OF A DOSE OF 1.25 MG/M²ADMINISTERED SUBCUTANEOUSLY TWICE DAILY FOR 14 CONSECUTIVE DAYS EVERY 28 DAYS (INDUCTION CYCLE). RESPONDING PATIENTS WERE THEN TREATED WITH THE SAME DOSE AND A TWICE DAILY SCHEDULE FOR 7 CONSECUTIVE DAYS EVERY 28 DAYS (MAINTENANCE CYCLE).
CLINICAL TRIALS EXPERIENCE
CHRONIC PHASE CML
THE MEDIAN DURATION OF EXPOSURE FOR THE 108 PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PHASE CML WAS 7.4 MONTHS (RANGE 0 TO 43 MONTHS). THE MEDIAN TOTAL CYCLES OF EXPOSURE WAS 6 (RANGE 1 TO 41), AND THE MEDIAN TOTAL DOSE DELIVERED DURING THE TRIALS WAS 131 MG/M²(RANGE 1.2 TO 678). AMONG THE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PHASE CML, 87% RECEIVED 14 DAYS OF TREATMENT DURING CYCLE 1. BY CYCLES 2 AND 3, THE PERCENTAGE OF PATIENTS RECEIVING 14 DAYS OF TREATMENT DECREASED TO 42% AND 16% RESPECTIVELY. OF THE 91 PATIENTS WHO RECEIVED AT LEAST 2 CYCLES OF TREATMENT, 79 (87%) HAD AT LEAST 1 CYCLE DELAY DURING THE TRIALS. THE MEDIAN NUMBER OF DAYS OF CYCLE DELAYS WAS GREATEST FOR CYCLE 2 (17 DAYS) AND CYCLE 3 (25 DAYS) WHEN MORE PATIENTS WERE RECEIVING INDUCTION CYCLES. ADVERSE REACTIONS WERE REPORTED FOR 99% OF THE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PHASE CML. A TOTAL OF 18% OF PATIENTS HAD ADVERSE REACTIONS LEADING TO WITHDRAWAL. THE MOST FREQUENTLY OCCURRING ADVERSE REACTIONS LEADING TO DISCONTINUATION WERE PANCYTOPENIA, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, AND INCREASED ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE (EACH 2%). A TOTAL OF 87% OF PATIENTS REPORTED AT LEAST 1 GRADE 3 OR GRADE 4 TREATMENT EMERGENT ADVERSE REACTIONS (TABLE 1).
TABLE 1: ADVERSE REACTIONS OCCURRINGA IN AT LEAST 10% OF PATIENTS (CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA - CHRONIC PHASE)
ADVERSE REACTIONS NUMBER (%) OF PATIENTS
(N=108)
ALL REACTIONS GRADE 3 OR 4 REACTIONS
PATIENTS WITH AT LEAST 1 COMMONLY OCCURRING ADVERSE REACTION 107 (99) 94 (87)
BLOOD AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM DISORDERS
THROMBOCYTOPENIA 82 (76) 73 (68)
ANEMIA 66 (61) 39 (36)
NEUTROPENIA 57 (53) 51 (47)
LYMPHOPENIA 18 (17) 17 (16)
BONE MARROW FAILURE 11 (10) 11 (10)
FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA 11 (10) 11 (10)
GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
DIARRHEA 44 (41) 1 (1)
NAUSEA 38 (35) 1 (1)
CONSTIPATION 15 (14) 0
ABDOMINAL PAIN/UPPER ABDOMINAL PAIN 25 (23) 0
VOMITING 13 (12) 0
GENERAL DISORDERS AND ADMINISTRATION SITE CONDITIONS
FATIGUE 31 (29) 5 (5)
PYREXIA 27 (25) 1 (1)
ASTHENIA 25 (23) 1 (1)
EDEMA PERIPHERAL 17 (16) 0
INFUSION AND INJECTION SITE RELATED REACTIONSB 38 (35) 0
INFECTIONS AND INFESTATIONSC 52 (48) 12 (11)
METABOLISM AND NUTRITION DISORDERS
ANOREXIA 11 (10) 1 (1)
MUSCULOSKELETAL AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS
ARTHRALGIA 20 (19) 1 (1)
PAIN IN EXTREMITY 14 (13) 1 (1)
BACK PAIN 13 (12) 2 (2)
MYALGIA 12 (11) 1 (1)
NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS
HEADACHE 22 (20) 1 (1)
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
INSOMNIA 13 (12) 1 (1)
RESPIRATORY, THORACIC AND MEDIASTINAL DISORDERS
COUGH 17 (16) 1 (1)
EPISTAXIS 18 (17) 1 (1)
SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE DISORDERS
ALOPECIA 16 (15) 0
RASH 12 (11) 0
A OCCURRED IN THE PERIOD BETWEEN THE FIRST DOSE AND 30 DAYS AFTER THE LAST DOSE.
BINCLUDES INFUSION RELATED REACTION, INJECTION SITE ERYTHEMA, INJECTION SITE HEMATOMA, INJECTION SITE HEMORRHAGE, INJECTION SITE HYPERSENSITIVITY, INJECTION SITE INDURATION, INJECTION SITE INFLAMMATION, INJECTION SITE IRRITATION, INJECTION SITE MASS, INJECTION SITE EDEMA, INJECTION SITE PRURITUS, INJECTION SITE RASH, AND INJECTION SITE REACTION.
C INFECTION INCLUDES BACTERIAL, VIRAL, FUNGAL, AND NON-SPECIFIED.
SERIOUS ADVERSE REACTIONS WERE REPORTED FOR 51% OF PATIENTS. SERIOUS ADVERSE REACTIONS REPORTED FOR AT LEAST 5% OF PATIENTS WERE BONE MARROW FAILURE AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA (EACH 10%), AND FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA (6%). SERIOUS ADVERSE REACTIONS OF INFECTIONS WERE REPORTED FOR 8% OF PATIENTS. DEATHS OCCURRED WHILE ON STUDY IN FIVE (5%) PATIENTS WITH CP CML. TWO PATIENTS DIED DUE TO CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE, ONE DUE TO MULTI-ORGAN FAILURE, ONE DUE TO PROGRESSION OF DISEASE, AND ONE FROM UNKNOWN CAUSES.
ACCELERATED PHASE CML
MEDIAN TOTAL CYCLES OF EXPOSURE WAS 2 (RANGE 1 TO 29), AND THE MEDIAN TOTAL DOSE DELIVERED DURING THE TRIALS WAS 70 MG/M². THE MEDIAN DURATION OF EXPOSURE FOR THE 55 PATIENTS WITH ACCELERATED PHASE CML WAS 1.9 MONTHS (RANGE 0 TO 30 MONTHS). OF THE PATIENTS WITH ACCELERATED PHASE CML, 86% RECEIVED 14 DAYS OF TREATMENT DURING CYCLE 1. BY CYCLES 2 AND 3, THE PERCENTAGE OF PATIENTS RECEIVING 14 DAYS OF TREATMENT DECREASED TO 55% AND 44% RESPECTIVELY. OF THE 40 PATIENTS WHO RECEIVED AT LEAST 2 CYCLES OF TREATMENT, 27 (68%) HAD AT LEAST 1 CYCLE DELAY DURING THE TRIALS. THE MEDIAN NUMBER OF DAYS OF CYCLE DELAYS WAS GREATEST FOR CYCLE 3 (31 DAYS) AND CYCLE 8 (36 DAYS). ADVERSE REACTIONS REGARDLESS OF INVESTIGATOR ATTRIBUTION WERE REPORTED FOR 100% PATIENTS WITH ACCELERATED PHASE CML. A TOTAL OF 33% OF PATIENTS HAD ADVERSE REACTIONS LEADING TO WITHDRAWAL. THE MOST FREQUENTLY OCCURRING ADVERSE REACTIONS LEADING TO WITHDRAWAL WERE LEUKOCYTOSIS (6%), AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA (4%). A TOTAL OF 84% OF PATIENTS REPORTED AT LEAST 1 GRADE 3 OR GRADE 4 TREATMENT EMERGENT ADVERSE REACTION (TABLE 2).
TABLE 2: ADVERSE REACTIONS OCCURRINGA IN AT LEAST 10% OF PATIENTS (CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA - ACCELERATED PHASE)
ADVERSE REACTIONS NUMBER (%) OF PATIENTS
(N=55)
ALL REACTIONS GRADE 3 OR 4 REACTIONS
PATIENTS WITH AT LEAST 1 COMMONLY OCCURRING ADVERSE REACTION 55 (100) 47 (86)
BLOOD AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM DISORDERS
ANEMIA 28 (51) 21 (38)
FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA 11 (20) 9 (16)
NEUTROPENIA 11 (20) 10 (18)
THROMBOCYTOPENIA 32 (58) 27 (49)
GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
DIARRHEA 19 (35) 4 (7)
NAUSEA 16 (29) 2 (4)
VOMITING 9 (16) 1 (2)
ABDOMINAL PAIN/UPPER ABDOMINAL PAIN 9 (16) 0
GENERAL DISORDERS AND ADMINISTRATION SITE CONDITIONS
FATIGUE 17 (31) 5 (9)
PYREXIA 16 (29) 1 (2)
ASTHENIA 13 (24) 1 (2)
CHILLS 7 (13) 0
INFUSION AND INJECTION SITE RELATED REACTIONSB 12 (22) 0
INFECTIONS AND INFESTATIONSC 31 (56) 11 (20)
METABOLISM AND NUTRITION DISORDERS
ANOREXIA 7 (13) 1 (2)
MUSCULOSKELETAL AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS
PAIN IN EXTREMITY 6 (11) 1 (2)
NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS
HEADACHE 7 (13) 0
RESPIRATORY, THORACIC AND MEDIASTINAL DISORDERS
COUGH 8 (15) 0
DYSPNEA 6 (11) 1 (2)
EPISTAXIS 6 (11) 1 (2)
AOCCURRED IN THE PERIOD BETWEEN THE FIRST DOSE AND 30 DAYS AFTER THE LAST DOSE.
BINCLUDES INFUSION RELATED REACTION, INJECTION SITE ERYTHEMA, INJECTION SITE HEMATOMA, INJECTION SITE HEMORRHAGE, INJECTION SITE HYPERSENSITIVITY, INJECTION SITE INDURATION, INJECTION SITE INFLAMMATION, INJECTION SITE IRRITATION, INJECTION SITE MASS, INJECTION SITE EDEMA, INJECTION SITE PRURITUS, INJECTION SITE RASH, AND INJECTION SITE REACTION.
CINFECTION INCLUDES BACTERIAL, VIRAL, FUNGAL, AND NON-SPECIFIED.
SERIOUS ADVERSE REACTIONS WERE REPORTED FOR 60% OF PATIENTS. SERIOUS ADVERSE REACTIONS REPORTED FOR AT LEAST 5% OF PATIENTS WERE FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA (18%), THROMBOCYTOPENIA (9%), ANEMIA (7%), AND DIARRHEA (6%). SERIOUS ADVERSE REACTIONS OF INFECTIONS WERE REPORTED FOR 11% OF PATIENTS.
DEATH OCCURRED WHILE ON STUDY IN 5 (9%) PATIENTS WITH AP CML. TWO PATIENTS DIED DUE TO CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE AND THREE DUE TO PROGRESSION OF DISEASE.
LABORATORY ABNORMALITIES IN CHRONIC AND ACCELERATED PHASE CML
GRADE 3/4 LABORATORY ABNORMALITIES REPORTED IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC AND ACCELERATED PHASE CML ARE DESCRIBED IN TABLE 3. MYELOSUPPRESSION OCCURRED IN ALL PATIENTS TREATED WITH SYNRIBO. [SEE WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS] FIVE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PHASE CML AND 4 PATIENTS WITH ACCELERATED PHASE CML PERMANENTLY DISCONTINUED SYNRIBO DUE TO PANCYTOPENIA, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA, OR BONE MARROW NECROSIS. AN EVENT OF HYPEROSMOLAR NON-KETOTIC HYPERGLYCEMIA WAS REPORTED IN ONE PATIENT IN THE SAFETY POPULATION AND A SIMILAR CASE HAS BEEN REPORTED IN THE LITERATURE. TWO PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PHASE CML PERMANENTLY DISCONTINUED SYNRIBO DUE TO ELEVATED TRANSAMINASES.
TABLE 3: GRADE 3/4 LABORATORY ABNORMALITIES IN CLINICAL STUDIES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PHASE AND ACCELERATED PHASE CML
CHRONIC PHASE % ACCELERATED PHASE %
HEMATOLOGY PARAMETERS
HEMOGLOBIN DECREASED 62 80
LEUKOCYTES DECREASED 72 61
NEUTROPHILS DECREASED 81 71
PLATELETS DECREASED 85 88
BIOCHEMISTRY PARAMETERS
ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE (ALT) INCREASED 6 2
BILIRUBIN INCREASED 9 6
CREATININE INCREASED 9 16
GLUCOSE INCREASED 10 15
URIC ACID INCREASED 56 57
GLUCOSE DECREASED 8 6
ADDITIONAL DATA FROM SAFETY POPULATION
THE FOLLOWING ADVERSE REACTIONS WERE REPORTED IN PATIENTS IN THE SYNRIBO CLINICAL STUDIES OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PHASE AND ACCELERATED PHASE CML AT A FREQUENCY OF 1% TO LESS THAN 10%. WITHIN EACH CATEGORY, ADVERSE REACTIONS ARE RANKED ON THE BASIS OF FREQUENCY.
CARDIAC DISORDERS: TACHYCARDIA, PALPITATIONS, ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME, ANGINA PECTORIS, ARRHYTHMIA, BRADYCARDIA, VENTRICULAR EXTRASYSTOLES.
EAR AND LABYRINTH DISORDERS: EAR PAIN, EAR HEMORRHAGE, TINNITUS. EYE DISORDERS: CATARACT, VISION BLURRED, CONJUNCTIVAL HEMORRHAGE, DRY EYE, LACRIMATION INCREASED, CONJUNCTIVITIS, DIPLOPIA, EYE PAIN, EYELID EDEMA.
GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS: STOMATITIS, MOUTH ULCERATION, ABDOMINAL DISTENSION, DYSPEPSIA, GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE, GINGIVAL BLEEDING, APHTHOUS STOMATITIS, DRY MOUTH, HEMORRHOIDS, GASTRITIS, GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE, MELENA, MOUTH HEMORRHAGE, ORAL PAIN, ANAL FISSURE, DYSPHAGIA, GINGIVAL PAIN, GINGIVITIS.
GENERAL DISORDERS AND ADMINISTRATION SITE CONDITIONS: MUCOSAL INFLAMMATION, PAIN, CHEST PAIN, HYPERTHERMIA, INFLUENZA-LIKE ILLNESS, CATHETER SITE PAIN, GENERAL EDEMA, MALAISE.
IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS: HYPERSENSITIVITY.
INJURY, POISONING AND PROCEDURAL COMPLICATIONS: CONTUSION, TRANSFUSION REACTION.
METABOLISM AND NUTRITION DISORDERS: DECREASED APPETITE, DIABETES MELLITUS, GOUT, DEHYDRATION.
MUSCULOSKELETAL AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS: BONE PAIN, MYALGIA, MUSCULAR WEAKNESS, MUSCLE SPASMS, MUSCULOSKELETAL CHEST PAIN, MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN, MUSCULOSKELETAL STIFFNESS, MUSCULOSKELETAL DISCOMFORT.
NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS: DIZZINESS, CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE, PARESTHESIA, CONVULSION, HYPOESTHESIA, LETHARGY, SCIATICA, BURNING SENSATION, DYSGEUSIA, TREMOR.
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS: ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, AGITATION, CONFUSIONAL STATE, MENTAL STATUS CHANGE.
RENAL AND URINARY DISORDERS: DYSURIA.
RESPIRATORY, THORACIC AND MEDIASTINAL DISORDERS: PHARYNGOLARYNGEAL PAIN, NASAL CONGESTION, DYSPHONIA, PRODUCTIVE COUGH, RALES, RHINORRHEA, HEMOPTYSIS, SINUS CONGESTION.
SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE DISORDERS: ERYTHEMA, PRURITUS, DRY SKIN, PETECHIAE, HYPERHIDROSIS, NIGHT SWEATS, ECCHYMOSIS, PURPURA, SKIN LESION, SKIN ULCER, RASH ERYTHEMATOUS, RASH PAPULAR, SKIN EXFOLIATION, SKIN HYPERPIGMENTATION.
VASCULAR DISORDERS: HEMATOMA, HYPERTENSION, HOT FLUSH, HYPOTENSION.
READ THE SYNRIBO (OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE) SIDE EFFECTS CENTER FOR A COMPLETE GUIDE TO POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS
OVERDOSE
A PATIENT IN THE CLINICAL PROGRAM RECEIVED AN OVERDOSE OF 2.5 MG/M²TWICE DAILY FOR 5 DAYS. THE PATIENT PRESENTED WITH GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS, GINGIVAL HEMORRHAGE, ALOPECIA, AND GRADE 4 THROMBOCYTOPENIA AND NEUTROPENIA. WHEN SYNRIBO TREATMENT WAS TEMPORARILY INTERRUPTED THE GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS AND HEMORRHAGIC SYNDROME RESOLVED, AND NEUTROPHIL VALUES RETURNED TO WITHIN NORMAL RANGE. THE ALOPECIA AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA (GRADE 1) IMPROVED, AND SYNRIBO WAS RESTARTED.
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CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
MECHANISM OF ACTION
THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE HAS NOT BEEN FULLY ELUCIDATED BUT INCLUDES INHIBITION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND IS INDEPENDENT OF DIRECT BCR-ABL BINDING. OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE BINDS TO THE A-SITE CLEFT IN THE PEPTIDYL-TRANSFERASE CENTER OF THE LARGE RIBOSOMAL SUBUNIT FROM A STRAIN OF ARCHAEABACTERIA. IN VITRO, OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE REDUCED PROTEIN LEVELS OF THE BCR-ABL ONCOPROTEIN AND MCL-1, AN ANTI-APOPTOTIC BCL-2 FAMILY MEMBER. OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE SHOWED ACTIVITY IN MOUSE MODELS OF WILD-TYPE AND T315I MUTATED BCR-ABL CML.
PHARMACOKINETICS
THE DOSE PROPORTIONALITY OF OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE IS UNKNOWN. A 90% INCREASE IN SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE TO OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE WAS OBSERVED BETWEEN THE FIRST DOSE AND STEADY STATE.
ABSORPTION
THE ABSOLUTE BIOAVAILABILITY OF OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE HAS NOT BEEN DETERMINED. OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE IS ABSORBED FOLLOWING SUBCUTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION, AND MAXIMUM CONCENTRATIONS ARE ACHIEVED AFTER APPROXIMATELY 30 MINUTES.
DISTRIBUTION
THE STEADY-STATE (MEAN ± SD) VOLUME OF DISTRIBUTION OF OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE IS APPROXIMATELY 141 ± 93.4 L FOLLOWING SUBCUTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION OF 1.25 MG/M²TWICE DAILY FOR 11 DAYS. THE PLASMA PROTEIN BINDING OF OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE IS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 50%.
METABOLISM
OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE IS PRIMARILY HYDROLYZED TO 4'-DMHHT VIA PLASMA ESTERASES WITH LITTLE HEPATIC MICROSOMAL OXIDATIVE AND/OR ESTERASE-MEDIATED METABOLISM IN VITRO.
ELIMINATION
THE MAJOR ELIMINATION ROUTE OF OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE IS UNKNOWN. THE MEAN PERCENTAGE OF OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE EXCRETED UNCHANGED IN THE URINE IS LESS THAN 15%. THE MEAN HALF-LIFE OF OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE FOLLOWING SUBCUTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION IS APPROXIMATELY 6 HOURS.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
CYTOCHROME P450 ENZYMES (CYPS): OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE IS NOT A SUBSTRATE OF CYP450 ENZYMES IN VITRO. OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE AND 4'-DMHHT DO NOT INHIBIT MAJOR CYPS IN VITRO AT CONCENTRATIONS THAT CAN BE EXPECTED CLINICALLY. THE POTENTIAL FOR OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE OR 4'-DMHHT TO INDUCE CYP450 ENZYMES HAS NOT BEEN DETERMINED.
TRANSPORTER SYSTEMS: OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE IS A P-GLYCOPROTEIN (P-GP) SUBSTRATE IN VITRO. OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE AND 4'DMHHT DO NOT INHIBIT P-GP MEDIATED EFFLUX OF LOPERAMIDE IN VITRO AT CONCENTRATIONS THAT CAN BE EXPECTED CLINICALLY.
ASSESSMENT FOR RISK OF QT PROLONGATION
IN AN UNCONTROLLED PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY THERE WERE NO REPORTS OF QTCF > 480 MS OR ?QTCF > 60 MS IN 21 TREATED PATIENTS WHO RECEIVED OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE 1.25 MG/M²BID FOR 14 CONSECUTIVE DAYS. THERE WAS NO EVIDENCE FOR CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENT INCREASES IN QTC FOR OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE OR 4'-DMHHT. ALTHOUGH THE MEAN EFFECT ON QTC WAS 4.2 MS (UPPER 95% CI: 9.5 MS), QTC EFFECTS LESS THAN 10 MS CANNOT BE VERIFIED DUE TO THE ABSENCE OF A PLACEBO AND POSITIVE CONTROLS.
CLINICAL STUDIES
THE EFFICACY OF SYNRIBO WAS EVALUATED USING A COMBINED COHORT OF ADULT PATIENTS WITH CML FROM TWO TRIALS. THE COMBINED COHORT CONSISTED OF PATIENTS WHO HAD RECEIVED 2 OR MORE APPROVED TKIS AND HAD, AT A MINIMUM, DOCUMENTED EVIDENCE OF RESISTANCE OR INTOLERANCE TO DASATINIB AND/OR NILOTINIB. RESISTANCE WAS DEFINED AS ONE OF THE FOLLOWING: NO COMPLETE HEMATOLOGIC RESPONSE (CHR) BY 12 WEEKS (WHETHER LOST OR NEVER ACHIEVED); OR NO CYTOGENETIC RESPONSE BY 24 WEEKS (I.E., 100% PH POSITIVE [PH+]) (WHETHER LOST OR NEVER ACHIEVED); OR NO MAJOR CYTOGENETIC RESPONSE (MCYR) BY 52 WEEKS (I.E., ? 35% PH+) (WHETHER LOST OR NEVER ACHIEVED); OR PROGRESSIVE LEUKOCYTOSIS. INTOLERANCE WAS DEFINED AS ONE OF THE FOLLOWING: 1) GRADE 3-4 NON-HEMATOLOGIC TOXICITY THAT DOES NOT RESOLVE WITH ADEQUATE INTERVENTION; OR 2) GRADE 4 HEMATOLOGIC TOXICITY LASTING MORE THAN 7 DAYS; OR 3) ANY GRADE ? 2 TOXICITY THAT IS UNACCEPTABLE TO THE PATIENT.
PATIENTS WITH NYHA CLASS III OR IV HEART DISEASE, ACTIVE ISCHEMIA OR OTHER UNCONTROLLED CARDIAC CONDITIONS WERE EXCLUDED. PATIENTS WERE TREATED WITH OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE AT A DOSE OF 1.25 MG/M²ADMINISTERED SUBCUTANEOUSLY TWICE DAILY FOR 14 CONSECUTIVE DAYS EVERY 28 DAYS (INDUCTION CYCLE). RESPONDING PATIENTS WERE THEN TREATED WITH THE SAME DOSE AND TWICE DAILY SCHEDULE FOR 7 CONSECUTIVE DAYS EVERY 28 DAYS (MAINTENANCE CYCLE). PATIENTS WERE ALLOWED TO CONTINUE TO RECEIVE MAINTENANCE TREATMENT FOR UP TO 24 MONTHS. RESPONSES WERE ADJUDICATED BY AN INDEPENDENT DATA MONITORING COMMITTEE (DMC).
CHRONIC PHASE CML (CP CML)
A TOTAL OF 76 PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PHASE CML WERE INCLUDED IN THE EFFICACY ANALYSIS. THE DEMOGRAPHICS WERE: MEDIAN AGE 59 YEARS, 62% WERE MALE, 30% WERE 65 YEARS OF AGE OR OLDER, 80% WERE CAUCASIAN, 5% WERE AFRICAN-AMERICAN, 4% WERE ASIAN AND 4% WERE HISPANIC. THIRTY-SIX (47%) PATIENTS HAD FAILED TREATMENT WITH IMATINIB, DASATINIB, AND NILOTINIB. MOST PATIENTS HAD ALSO RECEIVED PRIOR NON-TKI TREATMENTS, MOST COMMONLY HYDROXYUREA (54%), INTERFERON (30%), AND/OR CYTARABINE (29%). THE EFFICACY ENDPOINT WAS BASED ON MCYR (ADJUDICATED BY A DMC).
TABLE 4: EFFICACY RESULTS EVALUATED BY DMC FOR PATIENTS WITH CP CML
PATIENTS
(N=76)
PRIMARY RESPONSE - MCYR
TOTAL WITH MCYR, N (%) 14 (18.4)
95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL (10.5% - 29.0%)
CYTOGENETIC RESPONSE, N (%)
CONFIRMED COMPLETE 6 (7.9)
CONFIRMED PARTIAL 3 (3.9)
CYTOGENETIC RESPONSE EVALUATION IS BASED ON STANDARD CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS (AT LEAST 20 METAPHASES).
COMPLETE: 0% PH+ CELLS, PARTIAL > 0% TO 35% PH+ CELLS
THE MEAN TIME TO MCYR ONSET IN THE 14 PATIENTS WAS 3.5 MONTHS. THE MEDIAN DURATION OF MCYR FOR THE 14 PATIENTS WAS 12.5 MONTHS (KAPLAN-MEIER ESTIMATE).
ACCELERATED PHASE CML (AP CML)
A TOTAL OF 35 PATIENTS WITH ACCELERATED PHASE CML WERE INCLUDED IN THE EFFICACY ANALYSIS. THE DEMOGRAPHICS WERE: MEDIAN AGE WAS 63 YEARS, 57% WERE MALE, 46% WERE 65 YEARS OF AGE OR OLDER, 68% WERE CAUCASIAN, 23% WERE AFRICAN-AMERICAN, 3% WERE ASIAN AND 3% WERE HISPANIC. TWENTY-TWO (63%) OF 35 PATIENTS WITH ACCELERATED PHASE HAD FAILED TREATMENT WITH IMATINIB, DASATINIB, AND NILOTINIB. MOST PATIENTS HAD ALSO RECEIVED PRIOR NON-TKI TREATMENTS, MOST COMMONLY HYDROXYUREA (43%), INTERFERON (31%), AND/OR CYTARABINE (29%). THE EFFICACY ENDPOINT WAS ASSESSED BASED ON MCYR AND MAHR (COMPLETE HEMATOLOGIC RESPONSE [CHR] OR NO EVIDENCE OF LEUKEMIA [NEL]). THE EFFICACY RESULTS FOR THE PATIENTS WITH ACCELERATED PHASE AS ADJUDICATED BY THE DMC ARE SHOWN IN TABLE 5.
TABLE 5: EFFICACY RESULTS EVALUATED BY DMC FOR PATIENTS WITH AP CML
PATIENTS
(N=35)
PRIMARY RESPONSE - MAHR
TOTAL WITH MAHR, N (%) 5 (14.3)
95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL (4.5% -30.3%)
CHR 4 (11.4)
NEL 1 (2.9)
PRIMARY RESPONSE - MCYR
TOTAL WITH MCYR, N (%) 0
MAHR IS DEFINED AS COMPLETE HEMATOLOGIC RESPONSE (CHR) OR NO EVIDENCE OF LEUKEMIA (NEL): CHR -ABSOLUTE NEUTROPHIL COUNT ? 1.5 × 109/LITER, PLATELETS ? 100 × 109/LITER, NO BLOOD BLASTS, BONE MARROW BLASTS < 5%, NO EXTRAMEDULLARY DISEASE; NEL -MORPHOLOGIC LEUKEMIA-FREE STATE, DEFINED AS < 5% BONE MARROW BLASTS.
THE MEAN TIME TO RESPONSE ONSET IN THE 5 PATIENTS WAS 2.3 MONTHS. THE MEDIAN DURATION OF MAHR FOR THE 5 PATIENTS WAS 4.7 MONTHS (KAPLAN-MEIER ESTIMATE).