WARNING
RISK FOR HEPATIC DECOMPENSATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C, PROMACTA® IN COMBINATION WITH INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN MAY INCREASE THE RISK OF HEPATIC DECOMPENSATION [SEE WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
WARNING
RISK FOR HEPATIC DECOMPENSATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C, PROMACTA® IN COMBINATION WITH INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN MAY INCREASE THE RISK OF HEPATIC DECOMPENSATION [SEE WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
DRUG DESCRIPTION
PROMACTA (ELTROMBOPAG) TABLETS CONTAIN ELTROMBOPAG OLAMINE, A SMALL MOLECULE THROMBOPOIETIN (TPO) RECEPTOR AGONIST FOR ORAL ADMINISTRATION. ELTROMBOPAG INTERACTS WITH THE TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAIN OF THE TPO RECEPTOR (ALSO KNOWN AS CMPL) LEADING TO INCREASED PLATELET PRODUCTION.
ELTROMBOPAG OLAMINE IS PRACTICALLY INSOLUBLE IN AQUEOUS BUFFER ACROSS A PH RANGE OF 1 TO 7.4, AND IS SPARINGLY SOLUBLE IN WATER.
PROMACTA (ELTROMBOPAG) TABLETS CONTAIN ELTROMBOPAG OLAMINE IN THE AMOUNT EQUIVALENT TO 12.5 MG, 25 MG, 50 MG, 75 MG, OR 100 MG OF ELTROMBOPAG FREE ACID. THE INACTIVE INGREDIENTS OF PROMACTA TABLETS ARE: TABLET CORE: MAGNESIUM STEARATE, MANNITOL, MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE, POVIDONE, AND SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE. COATING: HYPROMELLOSE (12.5MG, 25-MG, 50-MG, AND 75-MG TABLETS) OR POLYVINYL ALCOHOL AND TALC (100-MG TABLET), POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 400, TITANIUM DIOXIDE, POLYSORBATE 80 (12.5-MG TABLET), FD&C YELLOW NO. 6 ALUMINUM LAKE (25-MG TABLET), FD&C BLUE NO. 2 ALUMINUM LAKE (50-MG TABLET), IRON OXIDE RED AND IRON OXIDE BLACK (75-MG TABLET), OR IRON OXIDE YELLOW AND IRON OXIDE BLACK (100-MG TABLET).
PROMACTA (ELTROMBOPAG) FOR ORAL SUSPENSION PACKETS CONTAIN A REDDISH-BROWN TO YELLOW POWDER WHICH PRODUCES A REDDISH-BROWN SUSPENSION WHEN RECONSTITUTED WITH WATER. EACH 25-MG PACKET DELIVERS ELTROMBOPAG OLAMINE EQUIVALENT TO 25 MG OF ELTROMBOPAG FREE ACID. THE INACTIVE INGREDIENTS OF PROMACTA FOR ORAL SUSPENSION ARE MANNITOL, SUCRALOSE, AND XANTHAN GUM.
INDICATIONS
TREATMENT OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ITP
PROMACTA IS INDICATED FOR THE TREATMENT OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC IMMUNE (IDIOPATHIC) THROMBOCYTOPENIA (ITP) WHO HAVE HAD AN INSUFFICIENT RESPONSE TO CORTICOSTEROIDS, IMMUNOGLOBULINS, OR SPLENECTOMY.
TREATMENT OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS C INFECTION
PROMACTA IS INDICATED FOR THE TREATMENT OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C TO ALLOW THE INITIATION AND MAINTENANCE OF INTERFERON-BASED THERAPY.
TREATMENT OF SEVERE APLASTIC ANEMIA
PROMACTA IS INDICATED FOR THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH SEVERE APLASTIC ANEMIA WHO HAVE HAD AN INSUFFICIENT RESPONSE TO IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY.
LIMITATIONS OF USE
" PROMACTA SHOULD BE USED ONLY IN PATIENTS WITH ITP WHOSE DEGREE OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA AND CLINICAL CONDITION INCREASE THE RISK FOR BLEEDING.
" PROMACTA SHOULD BE USED ONLY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C WHOSE DEGREE OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA PREVENTS THE INITIATION OF INTERFERON-BASED THERAPY OR LIMITS THE ABILITY TO MAINTAIN INTERFERON-BASED THERAPY.
" SAFETY AND EFFICACY HAVE NOT BEEN ESTABLISHED IN COMBINATION WITH DIRECT-ACTING ANTIVIRAL AGENTS USED WITHOUT INTERFERON FOR TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C INFECTION.
HOW SUPPLIED
DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
" 12.5-MG TABLETS - ROUND, BICONVEX, WHITE, FILM-COATED TABLETS DEBOSSED WITH GS MZ1 AND 12.5 ON ONE SIDE. EACH TABLET, FOR ORAL ADMINISTRATION, CONTAINS ELTROMBOPAG OLAMINE, EQUIVALENT TO 12.5 MG OF ELTROMBOPAG FREE ACID.
" 25-MG TABLETS - ROUND, BICONVEX, ORANGE, FILM-COATED TABLETS DEBOSSED WITH GS NX3 AND 25 ON ONE SIDE. EACH TABLET, FOR ORAL ADMINISTRATION, CONTAINS ELTROMBOPAG OLAMINE, EQUIVALENT TO 25 MG OF ELTROMBOPAG FREE ACID.
" 50-MG TABLETS - ROUND, BICONVEX, BLUE, FILM-COATED TABLETS DEBOSSED WITH GS UFU AND 50 ON ONE SIDE. EACH TABLET, FOR ORAL ADMINISTRATION, CONTAINS ELTROMBOPAG OLAMINE, EQUIVALENT TO 50 MG OF ELTROMBOPAG FREE ACID.
" 75-MG TABLETS - ROUND, BICONVEX, PINK, FILM-COATED TABLETS DEBOSSED WITH GS FFS AND 75 ON ONE SIDE. EACH TABLET, FOR ORAL ADMINISTRATION, CONTAINS ELTROMBOPAG OLAMINE, EQUIVALENT TO 75 MG OF ELTROMBOPAG FREE ACID.
" 100-MG TABLETS - ROUND, BICONVEX, GREEN, FILM-COATED TABLETS DEBOSSED WITH GS 1L5. EACH TABLET, FOR ORAL ADMINISTRATION, CONTAINS ELTROMBOPAG OLAMINE, EQUIVALENT TO 100 MG OF ELTROMBOPAG FREE ACID.
STORAGE AND HANDLING
THE 12.5-MG TABLETS ARE ROUND, BICONVEX, WHITE, FILM-COATED TABLETS DEBOSSED WITH GS MZ1 AND 12.5 ON ONE SIDE AND ARE AVAILABLE IN BOTTLES OF 30: NDC 0007-4643-13.
THE 25-MG TABLETS ARE ROUND, BICONVEX, ORANGE, FILM-COATED TABLETS DEBOSSED WITH GS NX3 AND 25 ON ONE SIDE AND ARE AVAILABLE IN BOTTLES OF 30: NDC 0007-4640-13.
THE 50-MG TABLETS ARE ROUND, BICONVEX, BLUE, FILM-COATED TABLETS DEBOSSED WITH GS UFU AND 50 ON ONE SIDE AND ARE AVAILABLE IN BOTTLES OF 30: NDC 0007-4641-13.
THE 75-MG TABLETS ARE ROUND, BICONVEX, PINK, FILM-COATED TABLETS DEBOSSED WITH GS FFS AND 75 ON ONE SIDE AND ARE AVAILABLE IN BOTTLES OF 30: NDC 0007-4642-13.
THE 100-MG TABLETS ARE ROUND, BICONVEX, GREEN, FILM-COATED TABLETS DEBOSSED WITH GS 1L5 AND ARE AVAILABLE IN BOTTLES OF 30: NDC 0007-4646-13. THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS A DESICCANT.
STORE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE BETWEEN 20°C AND 25°C (68°F TO 77°F); EXCURSIONS PERMITTED TO 15°C TO 30°C (59°F TO 86°F) [SEE USP CONTROLLED ROOM TEMPERATURE]. DO NOT REMOVE DESICCANT IF PRESENT. DISPENSE IN ORIGINAL BOTTLE.
GLAXOSMITHKLINE, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27709. REVISED: AUGUST 2014
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
CHRONIC IMMUNE (IDIOPATHIC) THROMBOCYTOPENIA
USE THE LOWEST DOSE OF PROMACTA TO ACHIEVE AND MAINTAIN A PLATELET COUNT GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 50 X 109/L AS NECESSARY TO REDUCE THE RISK FOR BLEEDING. DOSE ADJUSTMENTS ARE BASED UPON THE PLATELET COUNT RESPONSE. DO NOT USE PROMACTA TO NORMALIZE PLATELET COUNTS [SEE WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. IN CLINICAL TRIALS, PLATELET COUNTS GENERALLY INCREASED WITHIN 1 TO 2 WEEKS AFTER STARTING PROMACTA AND DECREASED WITHIN 1 TO 2 WEEKS AFTER DISCONTINUING PROMACTA [SEE CLINICAL STUDIES].
INITIAL DOSE REGIMEN
INITIATE PROMACTA AT A DOSE OF 50 MG ONCE DAILY, EXCEPT IN PATIENTS WHO ARE OF EAST ASIAN ANCESTRY (SUCH AS CHINESE, JAPANESE, TAIWANESE, OR KOREAN) OR WHO HAVE MILD TO SEVERE HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT (CHILD-PUGH CLASS A, B, C).
FOR ITP PATIENTS OF EAST ASIAN ANCESTRY, INITIATE PROMACTA AT A REDUCED DOSE OF 25 MG ONCE DAILY [SEE USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS, CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
FOR ITP PATIENTS WITH MILD, MODERATE, OR SEVERE HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT (CHILD-PUGH CLASS A, B, C), INITIATE PROMACTA AT A REDUCED DOSE OF 25 MG ONCE DAILY [SEE USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS, CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
FOR ITP PATIENTS OF EAST ASIAN ANCESTRY WITH HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT (CHILD-PUGH CLASS A, B, C), CONSIDER INITIATING PROMACTA AT A REDUCED DOSE OF 12.5 MG ONCE DAILY [SEE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
MONITORING AND DOSE ADJUSTMENT
AFTER INITIATING PROMACTA, ADJUST THE DOSE TO ACHIEVE AND MAINTAIN A PLATELET COUNT GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 50 X 109/L AS NECESSARY TO REDUCE THE RISK FOR BLEEDING. DO NOT EXCEED A DOSE OF 75 MG DAILY. MONITOR CLINICAL HEMATOLOGY AND LIVER TESTS REGULARLY THROUGHOUT THERAPY WITH PROMACTA AND MODIFY THE DOSAGE REGIMEN OF PROMACTA BASED ON PLATELET COUNTS AS OUTLINED IN TABLE 1. DURING THERAPY WITH PROMACTA, ASSESS CBCS WITH DIFFERENTIALS, INCLUDING PLATELET COUNTS, WEEKLY UNTIL A STABLE PLATELET COUNT HAS BEEN ACHIEVED. OBTAIN CBCS WITH DIFFERENTIALS, INCLUDING PLATELET COUNTS, MONTHLY THEREAFTER.
TABLE 1: DOSE ADJUSTMENTS OF PROMACTA IN ADULTS WITH CHRONIC IMMUNE (IDIOPATHIC) THROMBOCYTOPENIA
PLATELET COUNT RESULT DOSE ADJUSTMENT OR RESPONSE
< 50 X 109/L FOLLOWING AT LEAST 2 WEEKS OF PROMACTA INCREASE DAILY DOSE BY 25 MG TO A MAXIMUM OF 75 MG/DAY. FOR PATIENTS TAKING 12.5 MG ONCE DAILY, INCREASE THE DOSE TO 25 MG DAILY BEFORE INCREASING THE DOSE AMOUNT BY 25 MG.
? 200 X 109/L TO ? 400 X 109/L AT ANY TIME DECREASE THE DAILY DOSE BY 25 MG. WAIT 2 WEEKS TO ASSESS THE EFFECTS OF THIS AND ANY SUBSEQUENT DOSE ADJUSTMENTS.
> 400 X 109/L STOP PROMACTA; INCREASE THE FREQUENCY OF PLATELET MONITORING TO TWICE WEEKLY. ONCE THE PLATELET COUNT IS < 150 X 109/L, REINITIATE THERAPY AT A DAILY DOSE REDUCED BY 25 MG. FOR PATIENTS TAKING 25 MG ONCE DAILY, REINITIATE THERAPY AT A DAILY DOSE OF 12.5 MG.
> 400 X 109/L AFTER 2 WEEKS OF THERAPY AT LOWEST DOSE OF PROMACTA DISCONTINUE PROMACTA.
IN ITP PATIENTS WITH HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT (CHILD-PUGH CLASS A, B, C), AFTER INITIATING PROMACTA OR AFTER ANY SUBSEQUENT DOSING INCREASE, WAIT 3 WEEKS BEFORE INCREASING THE DOSE.
MODIFY THE DOSAGE REGIMEN OF CONCOMITANT ITP MEDICATIONS, AS MEDICALLY APPROPRIATE, TO AVOID EXCESSIVE INCREASES IN PLATELET COUNTS DURING THERAPY WITH PROMACTA. DO NOT ADMINISTER MORE THAN ONE DOSE OF PROMACTA WITHIN ANY 24-HOUR PERIOD.
DISCONTINUATION
DISCONTINUE PROMACTA IF THE PLATELET COUNT DOES NOT INCREASE TO A LEVEL SUFFICIENT TO AVOID CLINICALLY IMPORTANT BLEEDING AFTER 4 WEEKS OF THERAPY WITH PROMACTA AT THE MAXIMUM DAILY DOSE OF 75 MG. EXCESSIVE PLATELET COUNT RESPONSES, AS OUTLINED IN TABLE 1, OR IMPORTANT LIVER TEST ABNORMALITIES ALSO NECESSITATE DISCONTINUATION OF PROMACTA [SEE WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. OBTAIN CBCS WITH DIFFERENTIALS, INCLUDING PLATELET COUNTS, WEEKLY FOR AT LEAST 4 WEEKS FOLLOWING DISCONTINUATION OF PROMACTA.
CHRONIC HEPATITIS C-ASSOCIATED THROMBOCYTOPENIA
USE THE LOWEST DOSE OF PROMACTA TO ACHIEVE AND MAINTAIN A PLATELET COUNT NECESSARY TO INITIATE AND MAINTAIN ANTIVIRAL THERAPY WITH PEGYLATED INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN. DOSE ADJUSTMENTS ARE BASED UPON THE PLATELET COUNT RESPONSE. DO NOT USE PROMACTA TO NORMALIZE PLATELET COUNTS [SEE WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. IN CLINICAL TRIALS, PLATELET COUNTS GENERALLY BEGAN TO RISE WITHIN THE FIRST WEEK OF TREATMENT WITH PROMACTA [SEE CLINICAL STUDIES].
INITIAL DOSE REGIMEN
INITIATE PROMACTA AT A DOSE OF 25 MG ONCE DAILY.
MONITORING AND DOSE ADJUSTMENT
ADJUST THE DOSE OF PROMACTA IN 25-MG INCREMENTS EVERY 2 WEEKS AS NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE THE TARGET PLATELET COUNT REQUIRED TO INITIATE ANTIVIRAL THERAPY. MONITOR PLATELET COUNTS EVERY WEEK PRIOR TO STARTING ANTIVIRAL THERAPY.
DURING ANTIVIRAL THERAPY, ADJUST THE DOSE OF PROMACTA TO AVOID DOSE REDUCTIONS OF PEGINTERFERON. MONITOR CBCS WITH DIFFERENTIALS, INCLUDING PLATELET COUNTS, WEEKLY DURING ANTIVIRAL THERAPY UNTIL A STABLE PLATELET COUNT IS ACHIEVED. MONITOR PLATELET COUNTS MONTHLY THEREAFTER. DO NOT EXCEED A DOSE OF 100 MG DAILY. MONITOR CLINICAL HEMATOLOGY AND LIVER TESTS REGULARLY THROUGHOUT THERAPY WITH PROMACTA.
FOR SPECIFIC DOSAGE INSTRUCTIONS FOR PEGINTERFERON OR RIBAVIRIN, REFER TO THEIR RESPECTIVE PRESCRIBING INFORMATION.
TABLE 2: DOSE ADJUSTMENTS OF PROMACTA IN ADULTS WITH THROMBOCYTOPENIA DUE TO CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
PLATELET COUNT RESULT DOSE ADJUSTMENT OR RESPONSE
< 50 X 109/L FOLLOWING AT LEAST 2 WEEKS OF PROMACTA INCREASE DAILY DOSE BY 25 MG TO A MAXIMUM OF 100 MG/DAY.
? 200 X 109/L TO ? 400 X 109/L AT ANY TIME DECREASE THE DAILY DOSE BY 25 MG. WAIT 2 WEEKS TO ASSESS THE EFFECTS OF THIS AND ANY SUBSEQUENT DOSE ADJUSTMENTS.
> 400 X 109/L STOP PROMACTA; INCREASE THE FREQUENCY OF PLATELET MONITORING TO TWICE WEEKLY. ONCE THE PLATELET COUNT IS < 150 X 109/L, REINITIATE THERAPY AT A DAILY DOSE REDUCED BY 25 MG. FOR PATIENTS TAKING 25 MG ONCE DAILY, REINITIATE THERAPY AT A DAILY DOSE OF 12.5 MG.
> 400 X 109/L AFTER 2 WEEKS OF THERAPY AT LOWEST DOSE OF PROMACTA DISCONTINUE PROMACTA.
DISCONTINUATION
THE PRESCRIBING INFORMATION FOR PEGYLATED INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN INCLUDE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT DISCONTINUATION FOR TREATMENT FUTILITY. REFER TO PEGYLATED INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN PRESCRIBING INFORMATION FOR DISCONTINUATION RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT FUTILITY.
PROMACTA SHOULD BE DISCONTINUED WHEN ANTIVIRAL THERAPY IS DISCONTINUED. EXCESSIVE PLATELET COUNT RESPONSES, AS OUTLINED IN TABLE 2, OR IMPORTANT LIVER TEST ABNORMALITIES ALSO NECESSITATE DISCONTINUATION OF PROMACTA [SEE WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
SEVERE APLASTIC ANEMIA
USE THE LOWEST DOSE OF PROMACTA TO ACHIEVE AND MAINTAIN A HEMATOLOGIC RESPONSE. DOSE ADJUSTMENTS ARE BASED UPON THE PLATELET COUNT. HEMATOLOGIC RESPONSE REQUIRES DOSE TITRATION, GENERALLY UP TO 150 MG, AND MAY TAKE UP TO 16 WEEKS AFTER STARTING PROMACTA [SEE CLINICAL STUDIES].
INITIAL DOSE REGIMEN
INITIATE PROMACTA AT A DOSE OF 50 MG ONCE DAILY. FOR SEVERE APLASTIC ANEMIA IN PATIENTS OF EAST ASIAN ANCESTRY OR THOSE WITH MILD, MODERATE, OR SEVERE HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT (CHILD-PUGH CLASS A, B, C), INITIATE PROMACTA AT A REDUCED DOSE OF 25 MG ONCE DAILY [SEE USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS, CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
MONITORING AND DOSE ADJUSTMENT
ADJUST THE DOSE OF PROMACTA IN 50-MG INCREMENTS EVERY 2 WEEKS AS NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE THE TARGET PLATELET COUNT GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 50 X 109/L AS NECESSARY. DO NOT EXCEED A DOSE OF 150 MG DAILY. MONITOR CLINICAL HEMATOLOGY AND LIVER TESTS REGULARLY THROUGHOUT THERAPY WITH PROMACTA AND MODIFY THE DOSAGE REGIMEN OF PROMACTA BASED ON PLATELET COUNTS AS OUTLINED IN TABLE 3.
TABLE 3: DOSE ADJUSTMENTS OF PROMACTA IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE APLASTIC ANEMIA
PLATELET COUNT RESULT DOSE ADJUSTMENT OR RESPONSE
< 50 X 109/L FOLLOWING AT LEAST 2 WEEKS OF PROMACTA INCREASE DAILY DOSE BY 50 MG TO A MAXIMUM OF 150 MG/DAY. FOR PATIENTS TAKING 25 MG ONCE DAILY, INCREASE THE DOSE TO 50 MG DAILY BEFORE INCREASING THE DOSE AMOUNT BY 50 MG.
? 200 X 109/L TO ? 400 X 109/L AT ANY TIME DECREASE THE DAILY DOSE BY 50 MG. WAIT 2 WEEKS TO ASSESS THE EFFECTS OF THIS AND ANY SUBSEQUENT DOSE ADJUSTMENTS.
> 400 X 109/L STOP PROMACTA FOR 1 WEEK. ONCE THE PLATELET COUNT IS < 150 X 109/L, REINITIATE THERAPY AT A DOSE REDUCED BY 50 MG.
> 400 X 109/L AFTER 2 WEEKS OF THERAPY AT LOWEST DOSE OF PROMACTA DISCONTINUE PROMACTA.
FOR PATIENTS WHO ACHIEVE TRI-LINEAGE RESPONSE, INCLUDING TRANSFUSION INDEPENDENCE, LASTING AT LEAST 8 WEEKS: THE DOSE OF PROMACTA MAY BE REDUCED BY 50% [SEE CLINICAL STUDIES]. IF COUNTS REMAIN STABLE AFTER 8 WEEKS AT THE REDUCED DOSE, THEN DISCONTINUE PROMACTA AND MONITOR BLOOD COUNTS. IF PLATELET COUNTS DROP TO LESS THAN 30 X 109/L, HEMOGLOBIN TO LESS THAN 9 G/DL, OR ANC TO LESS THAN 0.5 X 109/L, PROMACTA MAY BE REINITIATED AT THE PREVIOUS EFFECTIVE DOSE.
DISCONTINUATION
IF NO HEMATOLOGIC RESPONSE HAS OCCURRED AFTER 16 WEEKS OF THERAPY WITH PROMACTA, DISCONTINUE THERAPY. IF NEW CYTOGENETIC ABNORMALITIES ARE OBSERVED, CONSIDER DISCONTINUATION OF PROMACTA [SEE ADVERSE REACTIONS]. EXCESSIVE PLATELET COUNT RESPONSES (AS OUTLINED IN TABLE 3) OR IMPORTANT LIVER TEST ABNORMALITIES ALSO NECESSITATE DISCONTINUATION OF PROMACTA [SEE WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
ADMINISTRATION
TAKE PROMACTA ON AN EMPTY STOMACH (1 HOUR BEFORE OR 2 HOURS AFTER A MEAL) [SEE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
ALLOW AT LEAST A 4-HOUR INTERVAL BETWEEN PROMACTA AND OTHER MEDICATIONS (E.G., ANTACIDS), CALCIUM-RICH FOODS (E.G., DAIRY PRODUCTS AND CALCIUM FORTIFIED JUICES), OR SUPPLEMENTS CONTAINING POLYVALENT CATIONS SUCH AS IRON, CALCIUM, ALUMINUM, MAGNESIUM, SELENIUM, AND ZINC [SEE DRUG INTERACTIONS].
SIDE EFFECTS
THE FOLLOWING SERIOUS ADVERSE REACTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PROMACTA ARE DESCRIBED IN OTHER SECTIONS.
" HEPATIC DECOMPENSATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C [SEE WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
" HEPATOTOXICITY [SEE WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
" THROMBOTIC/THROMBOEMBOLIC COMPLICATIONS [SEE WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
" CATARACTS [SEE WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
CLINICAL TRIALS EXPERIENCE
BECAUSE CLINICAL TRIALS ARE CONDUCTED UNDER WIDELY VARYING CONDITIONS, ADVERSE REACTION RATES OBSERVED IN THE CLINICAL TRIALS OF A DRUG CANNOT BE DIRECTLY COMPARED TO RATES IN THE CLINICAL TRIALS OF ANOTHER DRUG AND MAY NOT REFLECT THE RATES OBSERVED IN PRACTICE.
CHRONIC IMMUNE (IDIOPATHIC) THROMBOCYTOPENIA
IN CLINICAL TRIALS, HEMORRHAGE WAS THE MOST COMMON SERIOUS ADVERSE REACTION AND MOST HEMORRHAGIC REACTIONS FOLLOWED DISCONTINUATION OF PROMACTA. OTHER SERIOUS ADVERSE REACTIONS INCLUDED THROMBOTIC/THROMBOEMBOLIC COMPLICATIONS [SEE WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
THE DATA DESCRIBED BELOW REFLECT EXPOSURE OF PROMACTA TO 446 PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ITP AGED 18 TO 85, OF WHOM 65% WERE FEMALE ACROSS THE ITP CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM INCLUDING 3 PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIALS. PROMACTA WAS ADMINISTERED TO 277 PATIENTS FOR AT LEAST 6 MONTHS AND 202 PATIENTS FOR AT LEAST 1 YEAR.
TABLE 3 PRESENTS THE MOST COMMON ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS (EXPERIENCED BY ? 3% OF PATIENTS RECEIVING PROMACTA) FROM THE 3 PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIALS, WITH A HIGHER INCIDENCE IN PROMACTA VERSUS PLACEBO.
TABLE 3: ADVERSE REACTIONS ( ? 3%) FROM THREE PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIALS IN ADULTS WITH CHRONIC IMMUNE (IDIOPATHIC) THROMBOCYTOPENIA
ADVERSE REACTION PROMACTA 50 MG
N = 241 (%) PLACEBO
N = 128 (%)
NAUSEA 9 3
DIARRHEA 9 7
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION 7 6
VOMITING 6 < 1
INCREASED ALT 5 3
MYALGIA 5 2
URINARY TRACT INFECTION 5 3
OROPHARYNGEAL PAIN 4 3
INCREASED AST 4 2
PHARYNGITIS 4 2
BACK PAIN 3 2
INFLUENZA 3 2
PARESTHESIA 3 2
RASH 3 2
IN THE 3 CONTROLLED CLINICAL CHRONIC ITP TRIALS, ALOPECIA, MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN, BLOOD ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE INCREASED, AND DRY MOUTH WERE THE ADVERSE REACTIONS REPORTED IN 2% OF PATIENTS TREATED WITH PROMACTA AND IN NO PATIENTS WHO RECEIVED PLACEBO.
AMONG 299 PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ITP WHO RECEIVED PROMACTA IN THE SINGLE-ARM EXTENSION TRIAL, THE ADVERSE REACTIONS OCCURRED IN A PATTERN SIMILAR TO THAT SEEN IN THE PLACEBOCONTROLLED TRIALS. TABLE 4 PRESENTS THE MOST COMMON TREATMENT-RELATED ADVERSE REACTIONS (EXPERIENCED BY ? 3% OF PATIENTS RECEIVING PROMACTA) FROM THE EXTENSION TRIAL.
TABLE 4: TREATMENT-RELATED ADVERSE REACTIONS ( ? 3%) FROM EXTENSION TRIAL IN ADULTS WITH CHRONIC IMMUNE (IDIOPATHIC) THROMBOCYTOPENIA
ADVERSE REACTION PROMACTA 50 MG
N = 299 (%)
HEADACHE 10
HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA 6
ALT INCREASED 6
CATARACT 5
AST INCREASED 4
FATIGUE 4
NAUSEA 4
IN THE 3 CONTROLLED CHRONIC ITP TRIALS, SERUM LIVER TEST ABNORMALITIES (PREDOMINANTLY GRADE 2 OR LESS IN SEVERITY) WERE REPORTED IN 11% AND 7% OF THE PROMACTA AND PLACEBO GROUPS, RESPECTIVELY. FOUR PATIENTS (1%) TREATED WITH PROMACTA AND THREE PATIENTS IN THE PLACEBO GROUP (2%) DISCONTINUED TREATMENT DUE TO HEPATOBILIARY LABORATORY ABNORMALITIES. SEVEN OF THE PATIENTS TREATED WITH PROMACTA IN THE CONTROLLED TRIALS WITH HEPATOBILIARY LABORATORY ABNORMALITIES WERE RE-EXPOSED TO PROMACTA IN THE EXTENSION TRIAL. SIX OF THESE PATIENTS AGAIN EXPERIENCED LIVER TEST ABNORMALITIES (PREDOMINANTLY GRADE 1) RESULTING IN DISCONTINUATION OF PROMACTA IN ONE PATIENT. IN THE EXTENSION CHRONIC ITP TRIAL, ONE ADDITIONAL PATIENT HAD PROMACTA DISCONTINUED DUE TO LIVER TEST ABNORMALITIES ( ? GRADE 3).
IN A PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL OF PROMACTA IN NON-ITP THROMBOCYTOPENIC PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE, SIX PATIENTS IN THE PROMACTA GROUP AND ONE PATIENT IN THE PLACEBO GROUP DEVELOPED PORTAL VEIN THROMBOSES [SEE WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
CHRONIC HEPATITIS C-ASSOCIATED THROMBOCYTOPENIA
IN THE 2 PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIALS, 955 PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C-ASSOCIATED THROMBOCYTOPENIA RECEIVED PROMACTA. TABLE 5 PRESENTS THE MOST COMMON ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS (EXPERIENCED BY ? 10% OF PATIENTS RECEIVING PROMACTA COMPARED TO PLACEBO).
TABLE 5: ADVERSE REACTIONS ( ? 10% AND GREATER THAN PLACEBO) FROM TWO PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIALS IN ADULTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
ADVERSE REACTION PROMACTA + PEGINTERFERON/ RIBAVIRIN
N = 955 (%) PLACEBO + PEGINTERFERON/ RIBAVIRIN
N = 484 (%)
ANEMIA 40 35
PYREXIA 30 24
FATIGUE 28 23
HEADACHE 21 20
NAUSEA 19 14
DIARRHEA 19 11
DECREASED APPETITE 18 14
INFLUENZA-LIKE ILLNESS 18 16
ASTHENIA 16 13
INSOMNIA 16 15
COUGH 15 12
PRURITUS 15 13
CHILLS 14 9
MYALGIA 12 10
ALOPECIA 10 6
PERIPHERAL EDEMA 10 5
IN THE 2 CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C, HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA WAS REPORTED IN 8% OF PATIENTS RECEIVING PROMACTA COMPARED TO 3% FOR PLACEBO. TOTAL BILIRUBIN ? 1.5 X ULN WAS REPORTED IN 76% AND 50% OF PATIENTS RECEIVING PROMACTA AND PLACEBO, RESPECTIVELY. ALT OR AST ? 3X ULN WAS REPORTED IN 34% AND 38% OF THE PROMACTA AND PLACEBO GROUPS, RESPECTIVELY.
READ THE PROMACTA (ELTROMBOPAG TABLETS) SIDE EFFECTS CENTER FOR A COMPLETE GUIDE TO POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS
DRUG INTERACTIONS
IN VITRO, CYP1A2, CYP2C8, UGT1A1, AND UGT1A3 ARE INVOLVED IN THE METABOLISM OF ELTROMBOPAG. IN VITRO, ELTROMBOPAG INHIBITS THE FOLLOWING METABOLIC OR TRANSPORTER SYSTEMS: CYP2C8, CYP2C9, UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A4, UGT1A6, UGT1A9, UGT2B7, UGT2B15, OATP1B1, AND BREAST CANCER RESISTANCE PROTEIN (BCRP) [SEE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
POLYVALENT CATIONS (CHELATION)
ELTROMBOPAG CHELATES POLYVALENT CATIONS (SUCH AS IRON, CALCIUM, ALUMINUM, MAGNESIUM, SELENIUM, AND ZINC) IN FOODS, MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS, AND ANTACIDS. IN A CLINICAL TRIAL, ADMINISTRATION OF PROMACTA WITH A POLYVALENT CATION-CONTAINING ANTACID DECREASED PLASMA ELTROMBOPAG SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE BY APPROXIMATELY 70% [SEE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
TAKE PROMACTA AT LEAST 2 HOURS BEFORE OR 4 HOURS AFTER ANY MEDICATIONS OR PRODUCTS CONTAINING POLYVALENT CATIONS SUCH AS ANTACIDS, DAIRY PRODUCTS, AND MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS TO AVOID SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN ABSORPTION OF PROMACTA DUE TO CHELATION [SEE DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
TRANSPORTERS
COADMINISTRATION OF PROMACTA WITH THE OATP1B1 AND BCRP SUBSTRATE, ROSUVASTATIN, TO HEALTHY ADULT SUBJECTS INCREASED PLASMA ROSUVASTATIN AUC0-? BY 55% AND CMAX BY 103% [SEE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
USE CAUTION WHEN CONCOMITANTLY ADMINISTERING PROMACTA AND DRUGS THAT ARE SUBSTRATES OF OATP1B1 (E.G., ATORVASTATIN, BOSENTAN, EZETIMIBE, FLUVASTATIN, GLYBURIDE, OLMESARTAN, PITAVASTATIN, PRAVASTATIN, ROSUVASTATIN, REPAGLINIDE, RIFAMPIN, SIMVASTATIN ACID, SN-38 [ACTIVE METABOLITE OF IRINOTECAN], VALSARTAN) OR BCRP (E.G., IMATINIB, IRINOTECAN, LAPATINIB, METHOTREXATE, MITOXANTRONE, ROSUVASTATIN, SULFASALAZINE, TOPOTECAN). MONITOR PATIENTS CLOSELY FOR SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF EXCESSIVE EXPOSURE TO THE DRUGS THAT ARE SUBSTRATES OF OATP1B1 OR BCRP AND CONSIDER REDUCTION OF THE DOSE OF THESE DRUGS, IF APPROPRIATE. IN CLINICAL TRIALS WITH PROMACTA, A DOSE REDUCTION OF ROSUVASTATIN BY 50% WAS RECOMMENDED.
PROTEASE INHIBITORS
HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS
IN A DRUG INTERACTION TRIAL, COADMINISTRATION OF PROMACTA WITH LOPINAVIR/RITONAVIR (LPV/RTV) DECREASED PLASMA ELTROMBOPAG EXPOSURE BY 17% [SEE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. NO DOSE ADJUSTMENT IS RECOMMENDED WHEN PROMACTA IS COADMINISTERED WITH LPV/RTV. DRUG INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS HAVE NOT BEEN EVALUATED.
HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) PROTEASE INHIBITORS
COADMINISTRATION OF PROMACTA WITH EITHER BOCEPREVIR OR TELAPREVIR DID NOT AFFECT ELTROMBOPAG OR PROTEASE INHIBITOR EXPOSURE SIGNIFICANTLY [SEE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. NO DOSE ADJUSTMENTS ARE RECOMMENDED. DRUG INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER HCV PROTEASE INHIBITORS HAVE NOT BEEN EVALUATED.
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A/B THERAPY
COADMINISTRATION OF PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A (PEGASYS®) OR -2B (PEGINTRON®) DID NOT AFFECT ELTROMBOPAG EXPOSURE IN TWO RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIALS WITH ADULT PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C [SEE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
READ THE PROMACTA DRUG INTERACTIONS CENTER FOR A COMPLETE GUIDE TO POSSIBLE INTERACTIONS
PRECAUTIONS
HEPATIC DECOMPENSATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C, PROMACTA IN COMBINATION WITH INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN MAY INCREASE THE RISK OF HEPATIC DECOMPENSATION. IN TWO CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA, ASCITES AND ENCEPHALOPATHY OCCURRED MORE FREQUENTLY ON THE ARM RECEIVING TREATMENT WITH PROMACTA PLUS ANTIVIRALS (7%) THAN THE PLACEBO PLUS ANTIVIRALS ARM (4%). PATIENTS WITH LOW ALBUMIN LEVELS (LESS THAN 3.5 G/DL) OR MODEL FOR END-STAGE LIVER DISEASE (MELD) SCORE GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 10 AT BASELINE HAD A GREATER RISK FOR HEPATIC DECOMPENSATION ON THE ARM RECEIVING TREATMENT WITH PROMACTA PLUS ANTIVIRALS. DISCONTINUE PROMACTA IF ANTIVIRAL THERAPY IS DISCONTINUED.
HEPATOTOXICITY
PROMACTA CAN CAUSE LIVER ENZYME ELEVATIONS [SEE ADVERSE REACTIONS]. MEASURE SERUM ALT, AST, AND BILIRUBIN PRIOR TO INITIATION OF PROMACTA, EVERY 2 WEEKS DURING THE DOSE ADJUSTMENT PHASE, AND MONTHLY FOLLOWING ESTABLISHMENT OF A STABLE DOSE. PROMACTA INHIBITS UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE (UGT)1A1 AND ORGANIC ANION-TRANSPORTING POLYPEPTIDE (OATP)1B1, WHICH MAY LEAD TO INDIRECT HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. IF BILIRUBIN IS ELEVATED, PERFORM FRACTIONATION. EVALUATE ABNORMAL SERUM LIVER TESTS WITH REPEAT TESTING WITHIN 3 TO 5 DAYS. IF THE ABNORMALITIES ARE CONFIRMED, MONITOR SERUM LIVER TESTS WEEKLY UNTIL RESOLVED OR STABILIZED.
DISCONTINUE PROMACTA IF ALT LEVELS INCREASE TO GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 3 X ULN IN PATIENTS WITH NORMAL LIVER FUNCTION OR GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 3 X BASELINE IN PATIENTS WITH PRE-TREATMENT ELEVATIONS IN TRANSAMINASES AND ARE:
" PROGRESSIVELY INCREASING, OR
" PERSISTENT FOR GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 4 WEEKS, OR
" ACCOMPANIED BY INCREASED DIRECT BILIRUBIN, OR
" ACCOMPANIED BY CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF LIVER INJURY OR EVIDENCE FOR HEPATIC DECOMPENSATION.
IF THE POTENTIAL BENEFIT FOR REINITIATING TREATMENT WITH PROMACTA IS CONSIDERED TO OUTWEIGH THE RISK FOR HEPATOTOXICITY, THEN CONSIDER CAUTIOUSLY REINTRODUCING PROMACTA AND MEASURE SERUM LIVER TESTS WEEKLY DURING THE DOSE ADJUSTMENT PHASE. HEPATOTOXICITY MAY REOCCUR IF PROMACTA IS REINITIATED. IF LIVER TEST ABNORMALITIES PERSIST, WORSEN, OR RECUR, THEN PERMANENTLY DISCONTINUE PROMACTA.
THROMBOTIC/THROMBOEMBOLIC COMPLICATIONS
IN TWO CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA, 3% (31/955) TREATED WITH PROMACTA EXPERIENCED A THROMBOTIC EVENT COMPARED WITH 1% (5/484) ON PLACEBO. THE MAJORITY OF EVENTS WERE OF THE PORTAL VENOUS SYSTEM (1% IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH PROMACTA VERSUS LESS THAN 1% FOR PLACEBO).
THROMBOTIC/THROMBOEMBOLIC COMPLICATIONS MAY RESULT FROM INCREASES IN PLATELET COUNTS WITH PROMACTA. REPORTED THROMBOTIC/THROMBOEMBOLIC COMPLICATIONS INCLUDED BOTH VENOUS AND ARTERIAL EVENTS AND WERE OBSERVED AT LOW AND AT NORMAL PLATELET COUNTS.
CONSIDER THE POTENTIAL FOR AN INCREASED RISK OF THROMBOEMBOLISM WHEN ADMINISTERING PROMACTA TO PATIENTS WITH KNOWN RISK FACTORS FOR THROMBOEMBOLISM (E.G., FACTOR V LEIDEN, ATIII DEFICIENCY, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME, CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE). TO MINIMIZE THE RISK FOR THROMBOTIC/THROMBOEMBOLIC COMPLICATIONS, DO NOT USE PROMACTA IN AN ATTEMPT TO NORMALIZE PLATELET COUNTS. FOLLOW THE DOSE ADJUSTMENT GUIDELINES TO ACHIEVE AND MAINTAIN TARGET PLATELET COUNTS [SEE DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
IN A CONTROLLED TRIAL IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA NOT RELATED TO ITP UNDERGOING ELECTIVE INVASIVE PROCEDURES (N = 292), THE RISK OF THROMBOTIC EVENTS WAS INCREASED IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH 75 MG OF PROMACTA ONCE DAILY. SEVEN THROMBOTIC COMPLICATIONS (SIX PATIENTS) WERE REPORTED IN THE GROUP THAT RECEIVED PROMACTA AND THREE THROMBOTIC COMPLICATIONS WERE REPORTED IN THE PLACEBO GROUP (TWO PATIENTS). ALL OF THE THROMBOTIC COMPLICATIONS REPORTED IN THE GROUP THAT RECEIVED PROMACTA WERE PORTAL VEIN THROMBOSIS (PVT). SYMPTOMS OF PVT INCLUDED ABDOMINAL PAIN, NAUSEA, VOMITING, AND DIARRHEA. FIVE OF THE SIX PATIENTS IN THE GROUP THAT RECEIVED PROMACTA EXPERIENCED A THROMBOTIC COMPLICATION WITHIN 30 DAYS OF COMPLETING TREATMENT WITH PROMACTA AND AT A PLATELET COUNT ABOVE 200 X 109/L. THE RISK OF PORTAL VENOUS THROMBOSIS WAS INCREASED IN THROMBOCYTOPENIC PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE TREATED WITH 75 MG OF PROMACTA ONCE DAILY FOR 2 WEEKS IN PREPARATION FOR INVASIVE PROCEDURES.
CATARACTS
IN THE THREE CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS IN ADULTS WITH CHRONIC ITP, CATARACTS DEVELOPED OR WORSENED IN 15 (7%) PATIENTS WHO RECEIVED 50 MG OF PROMACTA DAILY AND 8 (7%) PLACEBOGROUP PATIENTS. IN THE EXTENSION TRIAL, CATARACTS DEVELOPED OR WORSENED IN 4% OF PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT OCULAR EXAMINATION PRIOR TO THERAPY WITH PROMACTA. IN THE TWO CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA, CATARACTS DEVELOPED OR WORSENED IN 8% OF PATIENTS TREATED WITH PROMACTA AND 5% OF PATIENTS TREATED WITH PLACEBO.
CATARACTS WERE OBSERVED IN TOXICOLOGY STUDIES OF ELTROMBOPAG IN RODENTS [SEE NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY]. PERFORM A BASELINE OCULAR EXAMINATION PRIOR TO ADMINISTRATION OF PROMACTA AND, DURING THERAPY WITH PROMACTA, REGULARLY MONITOR PATIENTS FOR SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CATARACTS.
PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
ADVISE THE PATIENT OR CAREGIVER TO READ THE FDA-APPROVED PATIENT LABELING (MEDICATION GUIDE AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE).
PRIOR TO TREATMENT, PATIENTS SHOULD FULLY UNDERSTAND AND BE INFORMED OF THE FOLLOWING RISKS AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROMACTA:
" FOR PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ITP, THERAPY WITH PROMACTA IS ADMINISTERED TO ACHIEVE AND MAINTAIN A PLATELET COUNT GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 50 X 109/L AS NECESSARY TO REDUCE THE RISK FOR BLEEDING.
" FOR PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C, THERAPY WITH PROMACTA IS ADMINISTERED TO ACHIEVE AND MAINTAIN A PLATELET COUNT NECESSARY TO INITIATE AND MAINTAIN ANTIVIRAL THERAPY WITH PEGYLATED INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN.
" THERAPY WITH PROMACTA MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATOBILIARY LABORATORY ABNORMALITIES.
" ADVISE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AND CIRRHOSIS THAT THEY MAY BE AT RISK FOR HEPATIC DECOMPENSATION WHEN RECEIVING ALFA INTERFERON THERAPY.
" ADVISE PATIENTS THAT THEY SHOULD REPORT ANY OF THE FOLLOWING SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF LIVER PROBLEMS TO THEIR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER RIGHT AWAY.
o YELLOWING OF THE SKIN OR THE WHITES OF THE EYES (JAUNDICE)
o UNUSUAL DARKENING OF THE URINE
o UNUSUAL TIREDNESS
o RIGHT UPPER STOMACH AREA PAIN
o CONFUSION
o SWELLING OF THE STOMACH AREA (ABDOMEN)
" ADVISE PATIENTS THAT THROMBOCYTOPENIA AND RISK OF BLEEDING MAY REOCCUR UPON DISCONTINUING PROMACTA, PARTICULARLY IF PROMACTA IS DISCONTINUED WHILE THE PATIENT IS ON ANTICOAGULANTS OR ANTIPLATELET AGENTS.
" ADVISE PATIENTS THAT TOO MUCH PROMACTA MAY RESULT IN EXCESSIVE PLATELET COUNTS AND A RISK FOR THROMBOTIC/THROMBOEMBOLIC COMPLICATIONS.
" ADVISE PATIENTS THAT DURING THERAPY WITH PROMACTA, THEY SHOULD CONTINUE TO AVOID SITUATIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INCREASE THE RISK FOR BLEEDING.
" ADVISE PATIENTS TO HAVE A BASELINE OCULAR EXAMINATION PRIOR TO ADMINISTRATION OF PROMACTA AND BE MONITORED FOR SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CATARACTS DURING THERAPY.
" ADVISE PATIENTS TO TAKE PROMACTA AT LEAST 2 HOURS BEFORE OR 4 HOURS AFTER FOODS, MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS, AND ANTACIDS WHICH CONTAIN POLYVALENT CATIONS SUCH AS IRON, CALCIUM, ALUMINUM, MAGNESIUM, SELENIUM, AND ZINC.
" PRIOR TO USE OF THE ORAL SUSPENSION, ENSURE PATIENTS OR CAREGIVERS RECEIVE TRAINING ON PROPER DOSING, PREPARATION, AND ADMINISTRATION.
" INFORM PATIENTS OR CAREGIVERS HOW MANY PACKETS TO ADMINISTER TO GET THE FULL DOSE. PROMACTA IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF THE GSK GROUP OF COMPANIES. THE FOLLOWING ARE REGISTERED TRADEMARKS OF THEIR RESPECTIVE OWNERS: PEGASYS/HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE INC.; PEGINTRON/SCHERING CORPORATION.
NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
CARCINOGENESIS, MUTAGENESIS, IMPAIRMENT OF FERTILITY
ELTROMBOPAG DOES NOT STIMULATE PLATELET PRODUCTION IN RATS, MICE, OR DOGS BECAUSE OF UNIQUE TPO RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY. DATA FROM THESE ANIMALS DO NOT FULLY MODEL EFFECTS IN HUMANS. ELTROMBOPAG WAS NOT CARCINOGENIC IN MICE AT DOSES UP TO 75 MG/KG/DAY OR IN RATS AT DOSES UP TO 40 MG/KG/DAY (EXPOSURES UP TO 4 TIMES THE HUMAN CLINICAL EXPOSURE BASED ON AUC IN PATIENTS WITH ITP AT 75 MG/DAY AND 2 TIMES THE HUMAN CLINICAL EXPOSURE BASED ON AUC IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AT 100 MG/DAY).
ELTROMBOPAG WAS NOT MUTAGENIC OR CLASTOGENIC IN A BACTERIAL MUTATION ASSAY OR IN TWO IN VIVO ASSAYS IN RATS (MICRONUCLEUS AND UNSCHEDULED DNA SYNTHESIS, 10 TIMES THE HUMAN CLINICAL EXPOSURE BASED ON CMAX IN PATIENTS WITH ITP AT 75 MG/DAY AND 7 TIMES THE HUMAN CLINICAL EXPOSURE BASED ON CMAX IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AT 100 MG/DAY). IN THE IN VITRO MOUSE LYMPHOMA ASSAY, ELTROMBOPAG WAS MARGINALLY POSITIVE (LESS THAN 3-FOLD INCREASE IN MUTATION FREQUENCY).
ELTROMBOPAG DID NOT AFFECT FEMALE FERTILITY IN RATS AT DOSES UP TO 20 MG/KG/DAY (2 TIMES THE HUMAN CLINICAL EXPOSURE BASED ON AUC IN PATIENTS WITH ITP AT 75 MG/DAY AND SIMILAR TO THE HUMAN CLINICAL EXPOSURE BASED ON AUC IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AT 100 MG/DAY). ELTROMBOPAG DID NOT AFFECT MALE FERTILITY IN RATS AT DOSES UP TO 40 MG/KG/DAY, THE HIGHEST DOSE TESTED (3 TIMES THE HUMAN CLINICAL EXPOSURE BASED ON AUC IN PATIENTS WITH ITP AT 75 MG/DAY AND 2 TIMES THE HUMAN CLINICAL EXPOSURE BASED ON AUC IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AT 100 MG/DAY).
USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
PREGNANCY
PREGNANCY CATEGORY C
THERE ARE NO ADEQUATE AND WELL-CONTROLLED STUDIES OF ELTROMBOPAG USE IN PREGNANCY. IN ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY STUDIES, THERE WAS EVIDENCE OF EMBRYOLETHALITY AND REDUCED FETAL WEIGHTS AT MATERNALLY TOXIC DOSES. PROMACTA SHOULD BE USED IN PREGNANCY ONLY IF THE POTENTIAL BENEFIT TO THE MOTHER JUSTIFIES THE POTENTIAL RISK TO THE FETUS.
IN AN EARLY EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT STUDY, FEMALE RATS RECEIVED ORAL ELTROMBOPAG AT DOSES OF 10, 20, OR 60 MG/KG/DAY (0.8, 2, AND 6 TIMES, RESPECTIVELY, THE HUMAN CLINICAL EXPOSURE BASED ON AUC IN PATIENTS WITH ITP AT 75 MG/DAY AND 0.3, 1, AND 3 TIMES, RESPECTIVELY, THE HUMAN CLINICAL EXPOSURE BASED ON AUC IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AT 100 MG/DAY). INCREASED PRE- AND POST-IMPLANTATION LOSS AND REDUCED FETAL WEIGHT WERE OBSERVED AT THE HIGHEST DOSE WHICH ALSO CAUSED MATERNAL TOXICITY.
ELTROMBOPAG WAS ADMINISTERED ORALLY TO PREGNANT RATS AT 10, 20, OR 60 MG/KG/DAY (0.8, 2, AND 6 TIMES, RESPECTIVELY, THE HUMAN CLINICAL EXPOSURE BASED ON AUC IN PATIENTS WITH ITP AT 75 MG/DAY AND 0.3, 1, AND 3 TIMES, RESPECTIVELY, THE HUMAN CLINICAL EXPOSURE BASED ON AUC IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AT 100 MG/DAY). DECREASED FETAL WEIGHTS (6% TO 7%) AND A SLIGHT INCREASE IN THE PRESENCE OF CERVICAL RIBS WERE OBSERVED AT THE HIGHEST DOSE WHICH ALSO CAUSED MATERNAL TOXICITY. HOWEVER, NO EVIDENCE OF MAJOR STRUCTURAL MALFORMATIONS WAS OBSERVED.
PREGNANT RABBITS WERE TREATED WITH ORAL ELTROMBOPAG DOSES OF 30, 80, OR 150 MG/KG/DAY (0.04, 0.3, AND 0.5 TIMES, RESPECTIVELY, THE HUMAN CLINICAL EXPOSURE BASED ON AUC IN PATIENTS WITH ITP AT 75 MG/DAY AND 0.02, 0.1, AND 0.3 TIMES, RESPECTIVELY, THE HUMAN CLINICAL EXPOSURE BASED ON AUC IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AT 100 MG/DAY). NO EVIDENCE OF FETOTOXICITY, EMBRYOLETHALITY, OR TERATOGENICITY WAS OBSERVED.
IN A PRE- AND POST-NATAL DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY STUDY IN PREGNANT RATS (F0), NO ADVERSE EFFECTS ON MATERNAL REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION OR ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OFFSPRING (F1) WERE OBSERVED AT DOSES UP TO 20 MG/KG/DAY (2 TIMES THE HUMAN CLINICAL EXPOSURE BASED ON AUC IN PATIENTS WITH ITP AT 75 MG/DAY AND SIMILAR TO THE HUMAN CLINICAL EXPOSURE BASED ON AUC IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AT 100 MG/DAY). ELTROMBOPAG WAS DETECTED IN THE PLASMA OF OFFSPRING (F1). THE PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS IN PUPS INCREASED WITH DOSE FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF DRUG TO THE F0 DAMS.
NURSING MOTHERS
IT IS NOT KNOWN WHETHER ELTROMBOPAG IS EXCRETED IN HUMAN MILK. BECAUSE MANY DRUGS ARE EXCRETED IN HUMAN MILK AND BECAUSE OF THE POTENTIAL FOR SERIOUS ADVERSE REACTIONS IN NURSING INFANTS FROM PROMACTA, A DECISION SHOULD BE MADE WHETHER TO DISCONTINUE NURSING OR TO DISCONTINUE PROMACTA TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE IMPORTANCE OF PROMACTA TO THE MOTHER.
PEDIATRIC USE
THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF PROMACTA IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS 1 YEAR AND OLDER WITH CHRONIC ITP WERE EVALUATED IN TWO DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIALS [SEE ADVERSE REACTIONS, CLINICAL STUDIES]. THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF ELTROMBOPAG HAVE BEEN EVALUATED IN 168 PEDIATRIC PATIENTS 1 YEAR AND OLDER WITH ITP DOSED ONCE DAILY [SEE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. SEE DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION FOR DOSING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PEDIATRIC PATIENTS 1 YEARS AND OLDER. THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF PROMACTA IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS YOUNGER THAN 1 YEAR WITH ITP HAVE NOT YET BEEN ESTABLISHED.
THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF PROMACTA IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH THROMBOCYTOPENIA ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AND SEVERE APLASTIC ANEMIA HAVE NOT BEEN ESTABLISHED.
GERIATRIC USE
OF THE 106 PATIENTS IN TWO RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS OF PROMACTA 50 MG IN CHRONIC ITP, 22% WERE 65 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, WHILE 9% WERE 75 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. IN THE TWO RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS OF PROMACTA IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA, 7% WERE 65 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, WHILE FEWER THAN 1% WERE 75 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. NO OVERALL DIFFERENCES IN SAFETY OR EFFECTIVENESS WERE OBSERVED BETWEEN THESE PATIENTS AND YOUNGER PATIENTS IN THE PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIALS, BUT GREATER SENSITIVITY OF SOME OLDER INDIVIDUALS CANNOT BE RULED OUT.
HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT
HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT INFLUENCES THE EXPOSURE OF PROMACTA [SEE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
REDUCE THE INITIAL DOSE OF PROMACTA IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ITP (ADULTS AND PEDIATRIC PATIENTS 6 YEARS AND OLDER ONLY) OR SEVERE APLASTIC ANEMIA WHO ALSO HAVE HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT (CHILD-PUGH CLASS A, B, C) [SEE DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. NO DOSAGE ADJUSTMENT IS NECESSARY FOR PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AND HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT [SEE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
RENAL IMPAIRMENT
NO ADJUSTMENT IN THE INITIAL DOSE OF PROMACTA IS NEEDED FOR PATIENTS WITH RENAL IMPAIRMENT [SEE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. CLOSELY MONITOR PATIENTS WITH IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTION WHEN ADMINISTERING PROMACTA.
ETHNICITY
PATIENTS OF EAST ASIAN ETHNICITY (I.E., JAPANESE, CHINESE, TAIWANESE, AND KOREAN) EXHIBIT HIGHER ELTROMBOPAG EXPOSURES. A REDUCTION IN THE INITIAL DOSE OF PROMACTA IS RECOMMENDED FOR PATIENTS OF EAST ASIAN ANCESTRY WITH ITP (ADULT AND PEDIATRIC PATIENTS 6 YEARS AND OLDER ONLY) OR SEVERE APLASTIC ANEMIA [SEE DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]. NO DOSE REDUCTION IS NEEDED IN PATIENTS OF EAST ASIAN ETHNICITY WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C [SEE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
OVERDOSE
IN THE EVENT OF OVERDOSE, PLATELET COUNTS MAY INCREASE EXCESSIVELY AND RESULT IN THROMBOTI C/THROMBOEMBOLIC COMPLICATI ONS.
IN ONE REPORT, A SUBJECT WHO INGESTED 5,000 MG OF PROMACTA HAD A PLATELET COUNT INCREASE TO A MAXIMUM OF 929 X 109/L AT 13 DAYS FOLLOWING THE INGESTION. THE PATIENT ALSO EXPERIENCED RASH, BRADYCARDIA, ALT/AST ELEVATIONS, AND FATIGUE. THE PATIENT WAS TREATED WITH GASTRIC LAVAGE, ORAL LACTULOSE, INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS, OMEPRAZOLE, ATROPINE, FUROSEMIDE, CALCIUM, DEXAMETHASONE, AND PLASMAPHERESIS; HOWEVER, THE ABNORMAL PLATELET COUNT AND LIVER TEST ABNORMALITIES PERSISTED FOR 3 WEEKS. AFTER 2 MONTHS FOLLOW-UP, ALL EVENTS HAD RESOLVED WITHOUT SEQUELAE.
IN CASE OF AN OVERDOSE, CONSIDER ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF A METAL CATION-CONTAINING PREPARATION, SUCH AS CALCIUM, ALUMINUM, OR MAGNESIUM PREPARATIONS TO CHELATE ELTROMBOPAG AND THUS LIMIT ABSORPTION. CLOSELY MONITOR PLATELET COUNTS. REINITIATE TREATMENT WITH PROMACTA IN ACCORDANCE WITH DOSING AND ADMINISTRATION RECOMMENDATIONS [SEE DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
CONTRAINDICATIONS
NONE.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
MECHANISM OF ACTION
ELTROMBOPAG IS AN ORALLY BIOAVAILABLE, SMALL-MOLECULE TPO-RECEPTOR AGONIST THAT INTERACTS WITH THE TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAIN OF THE HUMAN TPO-RECEPTOR AND INITIATES SIGNALING CASCADES THAT INDUCE PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION FROM BONE MARROW PROGENITOR CELLS.
PHARMACOKINETICS
ABSORPTION
ELTROMBOPAG IS ABSORBED WITH A PEAK CONCENTRATION OCCURRING 2 TO 6 HOURS AFTER ORAL ADMINISTRATION. BASED ON URINARY EXCRETION AND BIOTRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS ELIMINATED IN FECES, THE ORAL ABSORPTION OF DRUG-RELATED MATERIAL FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF A SINGLE 75-MG SOLUTION DOSE WAS ESTIMATED TO BE AT LEAST 52%.
AN OPEN-LABEL, RANDOMIZED, CROSSOVER TRIAL WAS CONDUCTED TO ASSESS THE EFFECT OF FOOD ON THE BIOAVAILABILITY OF ELTROMBOPAG. A STANDARD HIGH-FAT BREAKFAST SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED PLASMA ELTROMBOPAG AUC0-? BY APPROXIMATELY 59% AND CMAX BY 65% AND DELAYED TMAX BY 1 HOUR. THE CALCIUM CONTENT OF THIS MEAL MAY HAVE ALSO CONTRIBUTED TO THIS DECREASE IN EXPOSURE.
DISTRIBUTION
THE CONCENTRATION OF ELTROMBOPAG IN BLOOD CELLS IS APPROXIMATELY 50% TO 79% OF PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS BASED ON A RADIOLABEL STUDY. IN VITRO STUDIES SUGGEST THAT ELTROMBOPAG IS HIGHLY BOUND TO HUMAN PLASMA PROTEINS (GREATER THAN 99%). ELTROMBOPAG IS A SUBSTRATE OF BCRP, BUT IS NOT A SUBSTRATE FOR P-GLYCOPROTEIN (P-GP) OR OATP1B1.
METABOLISM
ABSORBED ELTROMBOPAG IS EXTENSIVELY METABOLIZED, PREDOMINANTLY THROUGH PATHWAYS INCLUDING CLEAVAGE, OXIDATION, AND CONJUGATION WITH GLUCURONIC ACID, GLUTATHIONE, OR CYSTEINE. IN VITRO STUDIES SUGGEST THAT CYP1A2 AND CYP2C8 ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE OXIDATIVE METABOLISM OF ELTROMBOPAG. UGT1A1 AND UGT1A3 ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE GLUCURONIDATION OF ELTROMBOPAG.
ELIMINATION
THE PREDOMINANT ROUTE OF ELTROMBOPAG EXCRETION IS VIA FECES (59%), AND 31% OF THE DOSE IS FOUND IN THE URINE. UNCHANGED ELTROMBOPAG IN FECES ACCOUNTS FOR APPROXIMATELY 20% OF THE DOSE; UNCHANGED ELTROMBOPAG IS NOT DETECTABLE IN URINE. THE PLASMA ELIMINATION HALF-LIFE OF ELTROMBOPAG IS APPROXIMATELY 21 TO 32 HOURS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS AND 26 TO 35 HOURS IN ITP PATIENTS.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
POLYVALENT CATION-CONTAINING ANTACIDS: IN A CLINICAL TRIAL, COADMINISTRATION OF 75 MG OF PROMACTA WITH A POLYVALENT CATION-CONTAINING ANTACID (1,524 MG ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE, 1,425 MG MAGNESIUM CARBONATE, AND SODIUM ALGINATE) TO 26 HEALTHY ADULT SUBJECTS DECREASED PLASMA ELTROMBOPAG AUC0-? AND CMAX BY APPROXIMATELY 70%. THE CONTRIBUTION OF SODIUM ALGINATE TO THIS INTERACTION IS NOT KNOWN.
CYTOCHROME P450 ENZYMES (CYPS): IN A CLINICAL TRIAL, PROMACTA 75 MG ONCE DAILY WAS ADMINISTERED FOR 7 DAYS TO 24 HEALTHY MALE SUBJECTS DID NOT SHOW INHIBITION OR INDUCTION OF THE METABOLISM OF A COMBINATION OF PROBE SUBSTRATES FOR CYP1A2 (CAFFEINE), CYP2C19 (OMEPRAZOLE), CYP2C9 (FLURBIPROFEN), OR CYP3A4 (MIDAZOLAM) IN HUMANS. PROBE SUBSTRATES FOR CYP2C8 WERE NOT EVALUATED IN THIS TRIAL.
ROSUVASTATIN: IN A CLINICAL TRIAL, COADMINISTRATION OF 75 MG OF PROMACTA ONCE DAILY FOR 5 DAYS WITH A SINGLE 10-MG DOSE OF THE OATP1B1 AND BCRP SUBSTRATE, ROSUVASTATIN TO 39 HEALTHY ADULT SUBJECTS INCREASED PLASMA ROSUVASTATIN AUC0-? BY 55% AND CMAX BY 103%.
PROTEASE INHIBITORS: HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS: IN A CLINICAL TRIAL, COADMINISTRATION OF REPEAT-DOSE LOPINAVIR 400 MG/RITONAVIR 100 MG TWICE DAILY WITH A SINGLE DOSE OF PROMACTA 100 MG TO 40 HEALTHY ADULT SUBJECTS DECREASED PLASMA ELTROMBOPAG AUC0-" BY 17%.
HCV PROTEASE INHIBITORS: IN A CLINICAL TRIAL, COADMINISTRATION OF REPEAT-DOSE TELAPREVIR 750 MG EVERY 8 HOURS OR BOCEPREVIR 800 MG EVERY 8 HOURS WITH A SINGLE DOSE OF PROMACTA 200 MG TO HEALTHY ADULT SUBJECTS DID NOT ALTER PLASMA TELAPREVIR, BOCEPREVIR, OR ELTROMBOPAG AUC0-? OR CMAX TO A SIGNIFICANT EXTENT.
PEGYLATED INTERFERON ALFA-2A + RIBAVIRIN AND PEGYLATED INTERFERON ALFA-2B + RIBAVIRIN: THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF ELTROMBOPAG IN BOTH THE PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF PEGYLATED INTERFERON ALFA 2A AND 2B THERAPY WERE EVALUATED USING A POPULATION PHARMACOKINETIC ANALYSIS IN 635 PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C. THE POPULATION PK MODEL ESTIMATES OF CLEARANCE INDICATE NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN ELTROMBOPAG CLEARANCE IN THE PRESENCE OF PEGYLATED INTERFERON ALFA PLUS RIBAVIRIN THERAPY.
IN VITRO STUDIES: ELTROMBOPAG IS AN INHIBITOR OF CYP2C8 AND CYP2C9 IN VITRO. ELTROMBOPAG IS AN INHIBITOR OF UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A4, UGT1A6, UGT1A9, UGT2B7, AND UGT2B15 IN VITRO. ELTROMBOPAG IS AN INHIBITOR OF THE ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTING POLYPEPTIDE OATP1B1 AND BCRP IN VITRO.
SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
ETHNICITY: BASED ON TWO POPULATION PK ANALYSES OF ELTROMBOPAG CONCENTRATIONS IN ITP AND CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS, EAST ASIAN (I.E., JAPANESE, CHINESE, TAIWANESE, AND KOREAN) SUBJECTS EXHIBITED 50% TO 55% HIGHER ELTROMBOPAG PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS COMPARED WITH NON-EAST ASIAN SUBJECTS [SEE DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
AN APPROXIMATELY 40% HIGHER SYSTEMIC ELTROMBOPAG EXPOSURE IN HEALTHY AFRICAN- AMERICAN SUBJECTS WAS NOTED IN AT LEAST ONE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY TRIAL. THE EFFECT OF AFRICAN- AMERICAN ETHNICITY ON EXPOSURE AND RELATED SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF ELTROMBOPAG HAS NOT BEEN ESTABLISHED.
HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT: IN A PHARMACOKINETIC TRIAL, THE DISPOSITION OF A SINGLE 50-MG DOSE OF PROMACTA IN PATIENTS WITH MILD, MODERATE, AND SEVERE HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT WAS COMPARED WITH SUBJECTS WITH NORMAL HEPATIC FUNCTION. THE DEGREE OF HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT WAS BASED ON CHILD-PUGH SCORE. PLASMA ELTROMBOPAG AUC0-? WAS 41% HIGHER IN PATIENTS WITH MILD HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT (CHILD-PUGH CLASS A) COMPARED WITH SUBJECTS WITH NORMAL HEPATIC FUNCTION. PLASMA ELTROMBOPAG AUC0-" WAS APPROXIMATELY 2-FOLD HIGHER IN PATIENTS WITH MODERATE (CHILD- PUGH CLASS B) AND SEVERE HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT (CHILD-PUGH CLASS C). THE HALF-LIFE OF ELTROMBOPAG WAS PROLONGED 2-FOLD IN THESE PATIENTS. THIS CLINICAL TRIAL DID NOT EVALUATE PROTEIN BINDING EFFECTS.
CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE: A POPULATION PK ANALYSIS IN THROMBOCYTOPENIC PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE FOLLOWING REPEAT DOSES OF ELTROMBOPAG DEMONSTRATED THAT MILD HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT RESULTED IN AN 87% TO 110% HIGHER PLASMA ELTROMBOPAG AUC(0-T) AND PATIENTS WITH MODERATE HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT HAD APPROXIMATELY 141% TO 240% HIGHER PLASMA ELTROMBOPAG AUC(0-T) VALUES COMPARED WITH PATIENTS WITH NORMAL HEPATIC FUNCTION. THE HALF-LIFE OF ELTROMBOPAG WAS PROLONGED 3-FOLD IN PATIENTS WITH MILD HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT AND 4-FOLD IN PATIENTS WITH MODERATE HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT. THIS CLINICAL TRIAL DID NOT EVALUATE PROTEIN BINDING EFFECTS.
CHRONIC HEPATITIS C: A POPULATION PK IN 28 HEALTHY ADULTS AND 635 PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C DEMONSTRATED THAT PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C TREATED WITH PROMACTA HAD HIGHER PLASMA AUC(0-T) VALUES AS COMPARED WITH HEALTHY SUBJECTS, AND AUC(0-T) INCREASED WITH INCREASING CHILD-PUGH SCORE. PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AND MILD HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT HAD APPROXIMATELY 100% TO 144% HIGHER PLASMA AUC(0-T) COMPARED WITH HEALTHY SUBJECTS. THIS CLINICAL TRIAL DID NOT EVALUATE PROTEIN BINDING EFFECTS.
RENAL IMPAIRMENT: THE DISPOSITION OF A SINGLE 50-MG DOSE OF PROMACTA IN PATIENTS WITH MILD (CREATININE CLEARANCE [CRCL] OF 50 TO 80 ML/MIN), MODERATE (CRCL OF 30 TO 49 ML/MIN), AND SEVERE (CRCL LESS THAN 30 ML/MIN) RENAL IMPAIRMENT WAS COMPARED WITH SUBJECTS WITH NORMAL RENAL FUNCTION. AVERAGE TOTAL PLASMA ELTROMBOPAG AUC0-" WAS 32% TO 36% LOWER IN SUBJECTS WITH MILD TO MODERATE RENAL IMPAIRMENT AND 60% LOWER IN SUBJECTS WITH SEVERE RENAL IMPAIRMENT COMPARED WITH HEALTHY SUBJECTS. THE EFFECT OF RENAL IMPAIRMENT ON UNBOUND (ACTIVE) ELTROMBOPAG EXPOSURE HAS NOT BEEN ASSESSED.
ASSESSMENT OF RISK OF QT/QTC PROLONGATION
THERE IS NO INDICATION OF A QT/QTC PROLONGING EFFECT OF PROMACTA AT DOSES UP TO 150 MG DAILY FOR 5 DAYS. THE EFFECTS OF PROMACTA AT DOSES UP TO 150 MG DAILY FOR 5 DAYS (SUPRATHERAPEUTIC DOSES) ON THE QT/QTC INTERVAL WAS EVALUATED IN A DOUBLE-BLIND, RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO- AND POSITIVE-CONTROLLED (MOXIFLOXACIN 400 MG, SINGLE ORAL DOSE) CROSSOVER TRIAL IN HEALTHY ADULT SUBJECTS. ASSAY SENSITIVITY WAS CONFIRMED BY SIGNIFICANT QTC PROLONGATION BY MOXIFLOXACIN.
ANIMAL PHARMACOLOGY AND/OR TOXICOLOGY
ELTROMBOPAG IS PHOTOTOXIC IN VITRO. THERE WAS NO EVIDENCE OF IN VIVO CUTANEOUS OR OCULAR PHOTOTOXICITY IN RODENTS.
TREATMENT-RELATED CATARACTS WERE DETECTED IN RODENTS IN A DOSE- AND TIME-DEPENDENT MANNER. AT GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 6 TIMES THE HUMAN CLINICAL EXPOSURE BASED ON AUC IN ITP PATIENTS AT 75 MG/DAY AND 3 TIMES THE HUMAN CLINICAL EXPOSURE BASED ON AUC IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS AT 100 MG/DAY, CATARACTS WERE OBSERVED IN MICE AFTER 6 WEEKS AND IN RATS AFTER 28 WEEKS OF DOSING. AT GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 4 TIMES THE HUMAN CLINICAL EXPOSURE BASED ON AUC IN ITP PATIENTS AT 75 MG/DAY AND 2 TIMES THE HUMAN CLINICAL EXPOSURE BASED ON AUC IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS AT 100 MG/DAY, CATARACTS WERE OBSERVED IN MICE AFTER 13 WEEKS AND IN RATS AFTER 39 WEEKS OF DOSING [SEE WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
RENAL TUBULAR TOXICITY WAS OBSERVED IN STUDIES UP TO 14 DAYS IN DURATION IN MICE AND RATS AT EXPOSURES THAT WERE GENERALLY ASSOCIATED WITH MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. TUBULAR TOXICITY WAS ALSO OBSERVED IN A 2-YEAR ORAL CARCINOGENICITY STUDY IN MICE AT DOSES OF 25, 75, AND 150 MG/KG/DAY. THE EXPOSURE AT THE LOWEST DOSE WAS 1.2 TIMES THE HUMAN CLINICAL EXPOSURE BASED ON AUC IN ITP PATIENTS AT 75 MG/DAY AND 0.6 TIMES THE HUMAN CLINICAL EXPOSURE BASED ON AUC IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS AT 100 MG/DAY. NO SIMILAR EFFECTS WERE OBSERVED IN MICE AFTER 13 WEEKS AT EXPOSURES GREATER THAN THOSE ASSOCIATED WITH RENAL CHANGES IN THE 2-YEAR STUDY, SUGGESTING THAT THIS EFFECT IS BOTH DOSE- AND TIME-DEPENDENT.
CLINICAL STUDIES
CHRONIC ITP
THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF PROMACTA IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ITP WERE EVALUATED IN 3 RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIALS AND IN AN OPEN-LABEL EXTENSION TRIAL.
TRIALS 1 AND 2
IN TRIALS 1 AND 2, PATIENTS WHO HAD COMPLETED AT LEAST ONE PRIOR ITP THERAPY AND WHO HAD A PLATELET COUNT LESS THAN 30 X 109/L WERE RANDOMIZED TO RECEIVE EITHER PROMACTA OR PLACEBO DAILY FOR UP TO 6 WEEKS, FOLLOWED BY 6 WEEKS OFF THERAPY. DURING THE TRIALS, PROMACTA OR PLACEBO WAS DISCONTINUED IF THE PLATELET COUNT EXCEEDED 200 X 109/L. THE PRIMARY EFFICACY ENDPOINT WAS RESPONSE RATE, DEFINED AS A SHIFT FROM A BASELINE PLATELET COUNT OF LESS THAN 30 X 109/L TO GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 50 X 109/L AT ANY TIME DURING THE TREATMENT PERIOD.
THE MEDIAN AGE OF THE PATIENTS WAS 50 YEARS AND 60% WERE FEMALE. APPROXIMATELY 70% OF THE PATIENTS HAD RECEIVED AT LEAST 2 PRIOR ITP THERAPIES (PREDOMINANTLY CORTICOSTEROIDS, IMMUNOGLOBULINS, RITUXIMAB, CYTOTOXIC THERAPIES, DANAZOL, AND AZATHIOPRINE) AND 40% OF THE PATIENTS HAD UNDERGONE SPLENECTOMY. THE MEDIAN BASELINE PLATELET COUNTS (APPROXIMATELY 18 X 109/L) WERE SIMILAR AMONG ALL TREATMENT GROUPS.
TRIAL 1 RANDOMIZED 114 PATIENTS (2:1) TO PROMACTA 50 MG OR PLACEBO. TRIAL 2 RANDOMIZED 117 PATIENTS (1:1:1:1) AMONG PLACEBO OR 1 OF 3 DOSE REGIMENS OF PROMACTA, 30 MG, 50 MG, OR 75 MG EACH ADMINISTERED DAILY.
TABLE 8 SHOWS FOR EACH TRIAL THE PRIMARY EFFICACY OUTCOMES FOR THE PLACEBO GROUPS AND THE PATIENT GROUPS WHO RECEIVED THE 50-MG DAILY REGIMEN OF PROMACTA.
TABLE 8: TRIALS 1 AND 2 PLATELET COUNT RESPONSE ( ? 50 X 109/L) RATES IN ADULTS WITH CHRONIC IMMUNE (IDIOPATHIC) THROMBOCYTOPENIA
TRIAL PROMACTA 50 MG DAILY PLACEBO
1 43/73 (59%)A 6/37 (16%)
2 19/27 (70%)A 3/27 (11%)
A P VALUE < 0.001 FOR PROMACTA VERSUS PLACEBO.
THE PLATELET COUNT RESPONSE TO PROMACTA WAS SIMILAR AMONG PATIENTS WHO HAD OR HAD NOT UNDERGONE SPLENECTOMY. IN GENERAL, INCREASES IN PLATELET COUNTS WERE DETECTED 1 WEEK FOLLOWING INITIATION OF PROMACTA AND THE MAXIMUM RESPONSE WAS OBSERVED AFTER 2 WEEKS OF THERAPY. IN THE PLACEBO AND 50-MG-DOSE GROUPS OF PROMACTA, THE TRIAL DRUG WAS DISCONTINUED DUE TO AN INCREASE IN PLATELET COUNTS TO GREATER THAN 200 X 109/L IN 3% AND 27% OF THE PATIENTS, RESPECTIVELY. THE MEDIAN DURATION OF TREATMENT WITH THE 50-MG DOSE OF PROMACTA WAS 42 DAYS IN TRIAL 1 AND 43 DAYS IN TRIAL 2.
OF 7 PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT HEMOSTATIC CHALLENGES, ADDITIONAL ITP MEDICATIONS WERE REQUIRED IN 3 OF 3 PLACEBO GROUP PATIENTS AND 0 OF 4 PATIENTS TREATED WITH PROMACTA. SURGICAL PROCEDURES ACCOUNTED FOR MOST OF THE HEMOSTATIC CHALLENGES. HEMORRHAGE REQUIRING TRANSFUSION OCCURRED IN ONE PLACEBO GROUP PATIENT AND NO PATIENTS TREATED WITH PROMACTA.
TRIAL 3
IN THIS TRIAL, 197 PATIENTS WERE RANDOMIZED (2:1) TO RECEIVE EITHER PROMACTA 50 MG ONCE DAILY (N = 135) OR PLACEBO (N = 62) FOR 6 MONTHS, DURING WHICH TIME THE DOSE OF PROMACTA COULD BE ADJUSTED BASED ON INDIVIDUAL PLATELET COUNTS. PATIENTS WERE ALLOWED TO TAPER OR DISCONTINUE CONCOMITANT ITP MEDICATIONS AFTER BEING TREATED WITH PROMACTA FOR 6 WEEKS. PATIENTS WERE PERMITTED TO RECEIVE RESCUE TREATMENTS AT ANY TIME DURING THE TRIAL AS CLINICALLY INDICATED. THE PRIMARY ENDPOINT WAS THE ODDS OF ACHIEVING A PLATELET COUNT GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 50 X 109/L AND LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 400 X 109/L FOR PATIENTS RECEIVING PROMACTA RELATIVE TO PLACEBO AND WAS BASED ON PATIENT RESPONSE PROFILES THROUGHOUT THE 6-MONTH TREATMENT PERIOD.
THE MEDIAN AGE OF THE PATIENTS TREATED WITH PROMACTA AND PLACEBO WAS 47 YEARS AND 52.5 YEARS, RESPECTIVELY. APPROXIMATELY HALF OF THE PATIENTS TREATED WITH PROMACTA AND PLACEBO (47% AND 50%, RESPECTIVELY) WERE RECEIVING CONCOMITANT ITP MEDICATION (PREDOMINANTLY CORTICOSTEROIDS) AT RANDOMIZATION AND HAD BASELINE PLATELET COUNTS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO15 X 109/L (50% AND 48%, RESPECTIVELY). A SIMILAR PERCENTAGE OF PATIENTS TREATED WITH PROMACTA AND PLACEBO (37% AND 34%, RESPECTIVELY) HAD A PRIOR SPLENECTOMY.
IN 134 PATIENTS WHO COMPLETED 26 WEEKS OF TREATMENT, A SUSTAINED PLATELET RESPONSE (PLATELET COUNT GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 50 X 109/L AND LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 400 X 109/L FOR 6 OUT OF THE LAST 8 WEEKS OF THE 26-WEEK TREATMENT PERIOD IN THE ABSENCE OF RESCUE MEDICATION AT ANY TIME) WAS ACHIEVED BY 60% OF PATIENTS TREATED WITH PROMACTA, COMPARED WITH 10% OF PATIENTS TREATED WITH PLACEBO (SPLENECTOMIZED PATIENTS: PROMACTA 51%, PLACEBO 8%; NONSPLENECTOMIZED PATIENTS: PROMACTA 66%, PLACEBO 11%). THE PROPORTION OF RESPONDERS IN THE IMMUNE (IDIOPATHIC) THROMBOCYTOPENIA GROUP OF PATIENTS TREATED WITH PROMACTA WAS BETWEEN 37% AND 56% COMPARED WITH 7% AND 19% IN THE PLACEBO TREATMENT GROUP FOR ALL ON-THERAPY VISITS. PATIENTS TREATED WITH PROMACTA WERE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE LIKELY TO ACHIEVE A PLATELET COUNT BETWEEN 50 X 109/L AND 400 X 109/L DURING THE ENTIRE 6-MONTH TREATMENT PERIOD COMPARED WITH THOSE PATIENTS TREATED WITH PLACEBO.
OUTCOMES OF TREATMENT ARE PRESENTED IN TABLE 9 FOR ALL PATIENTS ENROLLED IN THE TRIAL.
TABLE 9: OUTCOMES OF TREATMENT FROM TRIAL 3 IN ADULTS WITH CHRONIC IMMUNE (IDIOPATHIC) THROMBOCYTOPENIA
OUTCOME PROMACTA
N = 135 PLACEBO
N = 62
MEAN NUMBER OF WEEKS WITH PLATELET COUNTS ? 50 X 109/L 11.3 2.4
REQUIRING RESCUE THERAPY, N (%) 24 (18) 25 (40)
AMONG 94 PATIENTS RECEIVING OTHER ITP THERAPY AT BASELINE, 37 (59%) OF 63 PATIENTS TREATED WITH PROMACTA AND 10 (32%) OF 31 PATIENTS IN THE PLACEBO GROUP DISCONTINUED CONCOMITANT THERAPY AT SOME TIME DURING THE TRIAL.
EXTENSION TRIAL
PATIENTS WHO COMPLETED ANY PRIOR CLINICAL TRIAL WITH PROMACTA WERE ENROLLED IN AN OPEN-LABEL, SINGLE-ARM TRIAL IN WHICH ATTEMPTS WERE MADE TO DECREASE THE DOSE OR ELIMINATE THE NEED FOR ANY CONCOMITANT ITP MEDICATIONS. PROMACTA WAS ADMINISTERED TO 299 PATIENTS; 249 COMPLETED 6 MONTHS, 210 PATIENTS COMPLETED 12 MONTHS, AND 138 PATIENTS COMPLETED 24 MONTHS OF THERAPY. THE MEDIAN BASELINE PLATELET COUNT WAS 19 X 109/L PRIOR TO ADMINISTRATION OF PROMACTA.
CHRONIC HEPATITIS C-ASSOCIATED THROMBOCYTOPENIA
THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF PROMACTA FOR THE TREATMENT OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C WERE EVALUATED IN 2 RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBOCONTROLLED TRIALS. TRIAL 1 UTILIZED PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A (PEGASYS®) PLUS RIBAVIRIN FOR ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT AND TRIAL 2 UTILIZED PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B (PEGINTRON®) PLUS RIBAVIRIN. IN BOTH TRIALS, PATIENTS WITH A PLATELET COUNT OF LESS THAN 75 X 109/L WERE ENROLLED AND STRATIFIED BY PLATELET COUNT, SCREENING HCV RNA, AND HCV GENOTYPE. PATIENTS WERE EXCLUDED IF THEY HAD EVIDENCE OF DECOMPENSATED LIVER DISEASE WITH CHILD-PUGH SCORE GREATER THAN 6 (CLASS B AND C), HISTORY OF ASCITES, OR HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY. THE MEDIAN AGE OF THE PATIENTS IN BOTH TRIALS WAS 52 YEARS, 63% WERE MALE, AND 74% WERE CAUCASIAN. SIXTY-NINE PERCENT OF PATIENTS HAD HCV GENOTYPES 1, 4, 6 WITH THE REMAINDER GENOTYPES 2 AND 3. APPROXIMATELY 30% OF PATIENTS HAD BEEN PREVIOUSLY TREATED WITH INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN. THE MAJORITY OF PATIENTS (90%) HAD BRIDGING FIBROSIS AND CIRRHOSIS, AS INDICATED BY NONINVASIVE TESTING. A SIMILAR PROPORTION (95%) OF PATIENTS IN BOTH TREATMENT GROUPS HAD CHILD-PUGH LEVEL A (SCORE 5-6) AT BASELINE. A SIMILAR PROPORTION OF PATIENTS (2%) IN BOTH TREATMENT GROUPS HAD BASELINE INTERNATIONAL NORMALIZED RATIO (INR) GREATER THAN 1.7. MEDIAN BASELINE PLATELET COUNTS (APPROXIMATELY 60 X 109/L) WERE SIMILAR IN BOTH TREATMENT GROUPS. THE TRIALS CONSISTED OF TWO PHASES - A PRE-ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT PHASE AND AN ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT PHASE. IN THE PRE-ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT PHASE, PATIENTS RECEIVED OPEN-LABEL PROMACTA TO INCREASE THE PLATELET COUNT TO A THRESHOLD OF GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 90 X 10 /L FOR TRIAL 1 AND GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 100 X 109/L FOR TRIAL 2. PROMACTA WAS ADMINISTERED AT AN INITIAL DOSE OF 25 MG ONCE DAILY FOR 2 WEEKS AND INCREASED IN 25-MG INCREMENTS OVER 2- TO 3-WEEK PERIODS TO ACHIEVE THE OPTIMAL PLATELET COUNT TO INITIATE ANTIVIRAL THERAPY. THE MAXIMAL TIME PATIENTS COULD RECEIVE OPEN-LABEL PROMACTA WAS 9 WEEKS. IF THRESHOLD PLATELET COUNTS WERE ACHIEVED, PATIENTS WERE RANDOMIZED (2:1) TO THE SAME DOSE OF PROMACTA AT THE END OF THE PRE-TREATMENT PHASE OR TO PLACEBO. PROMACTA WAS ADMINISTERED IN COMBINATION WITH PEGYLATED INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN PER THEIR RESPECTIVE PRESCRIBING INFORMATION FOR UP TO 48 WEEKS.
THE PRIMARY EFFICACY ENDPOINT FOR BOTH TRIALS WAS SUSTAINED VIROLOGIC RESPONSE (SVR) DEFINED AS THE PERCENTAGE OF PATIENTS WITH UNDETECTABLE HCV-RNA AT 24 WEEKS AFTER COMPLETION OF ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT. THE MEDIAN TIME TO ACHIEVE THE TARGET PLATELET COUNT GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 90 X 109/L WAS APPROXIMATELY 2 WEEKS. NINETY-FIVE PERCENT OF PATIENTS WERE ABLE TO INITIATE ANTIVIRAL THERAPY.
IN BOTH TRIALS, A SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER PROPORTION OF PATIENTS TREATED WITH PROMACTA ACHIEVED SVR (SEE TABLE 10). THE IMPROVEMENT IN THE PROPORTION OF PATIENTS WHO ACHIEVED SVR WAS CONSISTENT ACROSS SUBGROUPS BASED ON BASELINE PLATELET COUNT (LESS THAN 50 X 109/L VERSUS GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 50 X 109/L). IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH BASELINE VIRAL LOADS (GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 800,000), THE SVR RATE WAS 18% (82/452) FOR PROMACTA VERSUS 8% (20/239) FOR PLACEBO.
TABLE 10: TRIALS 1 AND 2 SUSTAINED VIROLOGIC RESPONSE IN ADULTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
PRE-ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT PHASE TRIAL 1A
N = 715 95 % TRIAL 2B
N = 805 94%
% PATIENTS WHO ACHIEVED TARGET PLATELET COUNTS AND INITIATED ANTIVIRAL THERAPYC
ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT PHASE PROMACTA
N = 450% PLACEBO
N = 232% PROMACTA
N = 506% PLACEBO
N = 253%
OVERALL SVRD 23 14 19 13
HCV GENOTYPE 2,3 35 24 34 25
HCV GENOTYPE 1,4,6 18 10 13 7
A PROMACTA GIVEN IN COMBINATION WITH PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A (180 MCG ONCE WEEKLY FOR 48 WEEKS FOR GENOTYPES 1/4/6; 24 WEEKS FOR GENOTYPE 2 OR 3) PLUS RIBAVIRIN (800 TO 1,200 MG DAILY IN 2 DIVIDED DOSES ORALLY).
B PROMACTA GIVEN IN COMBINATION WITH PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B (1.5 MCG/KG ONCE WEEKLY FOR 48 WEEKS FOR GENOTYPES 1/4/6; 24 WEEKS FOR GENOTYPE 2 OR 3) PLUS RIBAVIRIN (800 TO 1,400 MG DAILY IN 2 DIVIDED DOSES ORALLY).
C TARGET PLATELET COUNT WAS ? 90 X 109/L FOR TRIAL 1 AND ? 100 X 109/L FOR TRIAL 2.
D P VALUE < 0.05 FOR PROMACTA VERSUS PLACEBO.
THE MAJORITY OF PATIENTS TREATED WITH PROMACTA (76%) MAINTAINED A PLATELET COUNT GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 50 X 109/L COMPARED WITH 19% FOR PLACEBO. A GREATER PROPORTION OF PATIENTS ON PROMACTA DID NOT REQUIRE ANY ANTIVIRAL DOSE REDUCTION AS COMPARED WITH PLACEBO (45% VERSUS 27%).
SEVERE APLASTIC ANEMIA
PROMACTA WAS STUDIED IN A SINGLE-ARM, SINGLE-CENTER, OPEN-LABEL TRIAL IN 43 PATIENTS WITH SEVERE APLASTIC ANEMIA WHO HAD AN INSUFFICIENT RESPONSE TO AT LEAST ONE PRIOR IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY AND WHO HAD A PLATELET COUNT LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 30 X 109/L. PROMACTA WAS ADMINISTERED AT AN INITIAL DOSE OF 50 MG ONCE DAILY FOR 2 WEEKS AND INCREASED OVER 2 WEEK PERIODS UP TO A MAXIMUM DOSE OF 150 MG ONCE DAILY. THE PRIMARY ENDPOINT WAS HEMATOLOGIC RESPONSE ASSESSED AFTER 12 WEEKS OF TREATMENT WITH PROMACTA. HEMATOLOGIC RESPONSE WAS DEFINED AS MEETING 1 OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA: 1) PLATELET COUNT INCREASES TO 20 X 109/L ABOVE BASELINE, OR STABLE PLATELET COUNTS WITH TRANSFUSION INDEPENDENCE FOR A MINIMUM OF 8 WEEKS; 2) HEMOGLOBIN INCREASE BY GREATER THAN 1.5 G/DL, OR A REDUCTION IN GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 4 UNITS OF RBC TRANSFUSIONS FOR 8 CONSECUTIVE WEEKS; 3) ANC INCREASE OF 100% OR AN ANC INCREASE GREATER THAN 0.5 X 109/L. PROMACTA WAS DISCONTINUED AFTER 16 WEEKS IF NO HEMATOLOGIC RESPONSE WAS OBSERVED. PATIENTS WHO RESPONDED CONTINUED THERAPY IN AN EXTENSION PHASE OF THE TRIAL.
THE TREATED POPULATION HAD MEDIAN AGE OF 45 YEARS (RANGE 17 TO 77 YEARS) AND 56% WERE MALE. AT BASELINE, THE MEDIAN PLATELET COUNT WAS 20 X 109/L, HEMOGLOBIN WAS 8.4 G/DL, ANC WAS 0.58 X 109/L AND ABSOLUTE RETICULOCYTE COUNT WAS 24.3 X109/L. EIGHTY-SIX PERCENT OF PATIENTS WERE RBC TRANSFUSION DEPENDENT AND 91% WERE PLATELET TRANSFUSION DEPENDENT. THE MAJORITY OF PATIENTS (84%) RECEIVED AT LEAST 2 PRIOR IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPIES. THREE PATIENTS HAD CYTOGENETIC ABNORMALITIES AT BASELINE.
TABLE 11 PRESENTS THE PRIMARY EFFICACY RESULTS.
TABLE 11: HEMATOLOGIC RESPONSE IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE APLASTIC ANEMIA
OUTCOME PROMACTA
N = 43
RESPONSE RATEA, N (%) 17 (40)
95% CI (%) (25, 56)
MEDIAN OF DURATION OF RESPONSE IN MONTHS (95%CI) NRB (3.0, NRB)
A INCLUDES SINGLE- AND MULTI-LINEAGE.
B NR = NOT REACHED DUE TO FEW EVENTS (RELAPSED).
IN THE 17 RESPONDERS, THE PLATELET TRANSFUSION-FREE PERIOD RANGED FROM 8 TO 1,096 DAYS WITH A MEDIAN OF 200 DAYS, AND THE RBC TRANSFUSION-FREE PERIOD RANGED FROM 15 TO 1,082 DAYS WITH A MEDIAN OF 208 DAYS.
IN THE EXTENSION PHASE, 8 PATIENTS ACHIEVED A MULTI-LINEAGE RESPONSE; 4 OF THESE PATIENTS SUBSEQUENTLY TAPERED OFF TREATMENT WITH PROMACTA AND MAINTAINED THE RESPONSE (MEDIAN FOLLOW UP: 8.1 MONTHS, RANGE: 7.2 TO 10.6 MONTHS).