Leno Tablets
PRODUCT INFORMATION
Description:
Leno tablets : each tablet follows Food Chemical Codex (FCC) standards for activity and contains 150 GalU (galactosidase units) of alpha-D-galactosidase derived from Aspergillus niger mold. The enzyme is in a carrier of cellulose gel, mannitol, invertase, potato starch, magnesium stearate, gelatin (fish), colloidal silica. 3 tablets swallowed, chewed, or crumbled onto food should be enough for a normal meal of 3 servings of problem foods (1 tablet per ½ cup serving). Leno® will hydrolyze complex sugars, raffinose, stachyose and verbascose, into the simple sugars - glucose, galactose and fructose, and the easily digestible disaccharide, sucrose. (Sucrose hydrolysis happens simultaneously with normal digestion.) In some cases, more enzyme than 5 drops or 3 tablets will be required, and this is a function of the quantity of food eaten, the levels of alpha-linked sugars in the food, and the gas-producing propensity of the person.
Use: Helps prevent flatulence and/or bloat from a variety of grains, cereals, nuts, seeds, and vegetables containing the sugars raffinose, stachyose and/or verbascose. This includes all or most legumes and all or most cruciferous vegetables. Examples of such foods are oats, wheat, beans of all kinds, chickpeas, peas, lentils, peanuts, soy-content foods, broccoli, brussel sprouts, cabbage, carrots, corn, leeks, onions, parsnips, squash. Note: Most vegetables and beans also contain fiber, which is gas productive in some people, but usually far less so than the alpha-linked sugars. Leno® has no effect on fiber.
Usage: About 5 drops per food serving or 3 tablets per meal (1 tablet per ½ cup serving) of 3 servings of problem foods; higher levels depending on symptoms.
Precautions: If you are pregnant or nursing, ask your doctor before product use. Leno is made from a safe, food-grade mold. However, if a rare sensitivity occurs, discontinue use. Galactosemics should not use without physician's advice, since one of the breakdown sugars is galactose.
How Supplied: Leno® is supplied in both a liquid form (30 and 75 serving sizes, at 5 drops per serving), and a tablet form (30, 60, and 100 tablet sizes as well as 24 tablets in packets of 3). These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
An inexpensive introductory level enzyme experiment was developed using raffinose family sugars extracted from split green peas as a substrate and the enzymes alpha-galactosidase found in leno.
Enzyme activity experiments are traditional in biochemistry and health
science chemistry laboratories1. Depending on the level of the laboratory,
these experiments may focus on enzyme kinetics and the effects of enzyme
concentration, temperature, pH, and inhibitors upon enzyme activity. This
inexpensive experiment introduces students to enzymes by using a substrate
readily available from green peas, an enzyme available in the commercial
product, Alpha Galactosidase, and analytical equipment that can
purchased from any local pharmacy.
Certain foods such as peas and beans contain appreciable levels of complex
sugars (raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose) known as oligosaccharides.
Alpha-galactosidase and sucrase are the two enzymes required to completely
hydrolyze the oligosaccharides into monosaccharides which can be readily
absorbed into the bloodstream. However, the human gastrointestinal tract
does not possess alpha-galactosidase2'3; thus, the hydrolysis of ingested
oligosaccharides is incomplete. The unhydrolyzed oligosaccharides are
eventually fermented by anaerobic microorganism in the colon to produce
flatulent gases such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and methane. The
enzyme alpha-galactosidase purportedly helps prevent intestinal gas by
catalyzing the hydrolysis of these complex sugars. In this work Alpha
Galactosidase was used as a source of enzymes for an introductory
experiment on enzymes based on the reactions.
Oligosaccharides + H2O ---- AGA -----à galactose + sucrose
Carbohydrates are made of sugars either alone or in combinations
(starches) and before they can be absorbed, they must be broken down
into single sugars. Vegetables, beans, nuts, cereals and other foods
contain starches and sugars that should be absorbed in the upper intestinal
tract. However, some of the carbohydrates cannot be broken down. If they
are not absorbed in the intestines, they pass to the colon where bacteria
ferment the carbohydrates to release gas.|
If you are bothered by gas when you eat beans, whole grains or vegetables, you
may not have an adequate colony of friendly bacteria in your colon to break
down the resistant starches in plants. If you have recently changed your diet to
include more of these foods, give yourself a few weeks or even months to build
up the bacteria you need to digest them without excessive gas.
Recent research shows that normal intestinal bacteria make up
approximately 95 percent of the total number of cells in the human body.
The good bacteria help to prevent bad bacteria from infecting you, and
may help to prevent intestinal diseases such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn 's
disease and cancer.
ERT with alpha galactosidase improves cardiac involvement in Fabry's disease
Spinelli L, Pisani A, Sabbatini M, Petretta M, Andreucci MV, Procaccini D, Lo Surdo N, Federico S, Cianciaruso B. Department of Cardiology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Fabry's disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of alpha-galactosidase that results in an accumulation of neutral glycosphingolipids throughout the body, including the cardiovascular system. Fabry cardiomyopathy, characterized by progressive severe concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, is very frequent and is the most important cause of death in affected patients. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) allows a specific treatment for this disease. Nine patients with Fabry cardiac disease were studied on basal condition and after 6 and 12 months of treatment with algasidase alpha. A complete clinical and echocardiographic evaluation was performed in all patients. Interpretable Doppler recordings of transmitral flow and pulmonary flow velocity curves were also acquired. At baseline, the patients with Fabry's disease had increased LV septum and posterior wall thickness, normal LV fractional shortening, LV ejection fraction, normal Doppler parameters of mitral inflow but a duration of pulmonary vein flow velocity wave exceeding that of the mitral wave at atrial systole. ERT did not affect heart rate and arterial pressure. LV internal diameters did not change, there was a slight but not significant decrease in the LV posterior wall thickening and a progressive decrease in the interventricular septum thickening (p < 0.025) and in LV mass (p < 0.001) The difference in duration between pulmonary vein flow velocity wave and mitral wave at atrial systole significantly decreased (p < 0.001). These results suggest that ERT in patients with Fabry cardiomyopathy is able to reduce the LV mass and ameliorate the LV stiffness.