MANGANESE IS AN ACTIVATOR FOR ENZYMES SUCH AS POLYSACCHARIDE POLYMERASE, LIVER ARGINASE, CHOLINESTERASE AND PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE. PROVIDING DURING TOTAL PARENTRAL NUTRITION PREVENTS DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOLLOWING DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS : NAUSEA, AND VOMITING, WEIGHT LOSS, DERMATITIS AND CHANGES IN GROWTH AND COLOR OF HAIR.